Effect of Ultrasound on Voltammetric Measurements on a Miniaturized Mercury Electrode; Sonovoltammetry and Sonopolarography

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1703-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Novotný
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Solid Electrodes ◽  
Voltammetric Measurements

The influence of ultrasound on voltammetric measurements at a mechanically stable renewed mercury electrode was described. The measurements were carried out in a solution of 4,4'-bipyridyl in 0.1 M KCl + 0.01 M NaOH, in 1 . 10-4 M CdSO4 + 5 . 10-6 M tribenzylamine in 0.1 M H2SO4 and in 3 . 10-3 M CdSO4 + 1 . 10-4 M tribenzylamine hydrochloride. Possible development and applications of related electroanalytical techniques by using mercury and solid electrodes were discussed. A pronounced influence of ultrasound was observed mainly in cases where the kinetics and irreversibility of the electrochemical and related processes played an important role.

Polarography as an Analytical Tool

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
John K Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Diffusion Control ◽  
Oscillographic Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Controlled Potential ◽  
Solid Electrodes ◽  
Practice Methods

Abstract Polarography is a useful analytical tool for determining many substances in solutions at small concentrations, and is frequently applied to analysis of minor constituents. Conventional polarography employs a dropping mercury electrode, can measure solutions in concentrations ranging from 10-2 to 10-5M, and requires only a few tenths of ml for analysis. Because of the difficulty of obtaining diffusion control in practice, methods are comparative and involve empirical calibrations with standard solutions. Practical tolerances have been worked out to insure that results are reliable to 2 relative per cent. Interferences have been lessened by several means, e.g., complexing, separation by electrolysis at controlled potential, selective extraction, and improvements in circuitry to permit use of relatively dilute supporting electrolytes. Modified polarographic methods include solid electrodes, derivative polarography, differential polarography, cathode ray polarography, anodic stripping polarography, and oscillographic polarography.

scholarly journals Electroreduction of cefetamet on mercury platinum and gold electrodes

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Avramov-Ivic ◽  
V. Kapetanovic ◽  
M. Aleksic ◽  
P. Zuman
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Gold Electrodes ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Solid Electrodes

The electroreduction of cefetamet (CEF) using gold and platinum electrodes has been investigated in slightly alkaline medium (pH 8.40) where adsorption, previously observed at mercury electrode, was pronounced. This investigation was performed in order to determine whether the adsorption interfers with the reduction process even at solid electrodes and to compare with a mercury electrode.

Marcus-Hush Theory Revealed by Electron Tunneling Through Hexagonal Boron Nitride

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Velický ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Colin R. Woods ◽  
Peter S. Toth ◽  
Viktor Zólyomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Electron Transfer Rate Constant ◽  
Electrochemical Parameters ◽  
Voltammetric Measurements

Marcus-Hush theory of electron transfer is one of the pillars of modern electrochemistry with a large body of supporting experimental evidence presented to date. However, some predictions, such as the electrochemical behavior at microdisk electrodes, remain unverified. Herein, we present a study of electron tunneling across a hexagonal boron nitride barrier between a graphite electrode and redox levels in a liquid solution. This was achieved by the fabrication of microdisk electrodes with a typical diameter of 5 µm. Analysis of voltammetric measurements, using two common redox mediators, yielded several electrochemical parameters, including the electron transfer rate constant, limiting current, and transfer coefficient. They show a significant departure from the Butler-Volmer behavior in a clear manifestation of the Marcus-Hush theory of electron transfer. In addition, our system provides a novel experimental platform, which could be applied to address a number of scientific problems such as identification of reaction mechanisms, surface modification, or long-range electron transfer.

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