Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of 4,4'-Bis[(4-diethanolamino-6-(2,5-disulfophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-672
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Roman Hrnčíř ◽  
Josino C. Moreira ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Technical Products

The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour was studied for 4,4'-bis[(4-diethanolamino-6-(2,5-disulfophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, which is the basis of many commercial optical whitening agents. The optimum conditions were found for quantitation of this substance in tetraethylammonium bromide solutions in dimethylformamide containing 5% (v/v) water using TAST polarography, differential pulse polarography, linear sweep voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode over the concentration regions of 100-500, 10-500, 10-500, and 1-100 mmol l-1, respectively. The practical applicability of the new analytical methods to the determination of the substance in technical products was verified.

Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of 4,4'-Bis[(4-phenylamino-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1247-1260
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Roman Hrnčíř ◽  
Josino C. Moreira ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Technical Products ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour of the title compound, which is the basic component in many commercial optical whitening agents, was investigated. The optimum conditions were found for the determination of the substance in dimethylformamide solutions containing 5% (v/v) water by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography, linear sweep voltammetry using a hanging mercury drop electrode, and differential pulse polarography using a hanging mercury drop electrode over the concentration regions of 100-500, 10-500, 10-500, and 1-100 mmol l-1, respectively. Practical applicability of the newly developed methods to the determination of the analyte in technical products, either direct or following separation by thin layer chromatography, was verified.

Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of 4,4'-Bis[(4-phenylamino-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Roman Hrnčíř
Keyword(s):  
Title Compound ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode

The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour was examined for the title compound, which is the basic component in many commercial optical whitening agents. Dimethylformamide containing 5 vol.% water was chosen as the solvent and tetraethylammonium bromide as the supporting electrolyte. The optimum conditions were found for determining the substance by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography, linear sweep voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode. The analyte concentration regions for the four techniques were 0.1 - 0.5, 0.01 - 0.5, 0.01 - 0.5 and 0.01 - 0.1 mmol l-1, respectively. Practical applicability of the methods to the determination of the title compound in technical products was verified.

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Roman Hrnčíř
Keyword(s):  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Chemical Carcinogen ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry ◽  
Methanolic Medium

Conditions were found for the determination of chemical carcinogen N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene by TAST and differential pulse polarography, fast scan differential pulse voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in a mixed aqueous-methanolic medium. The detection limit of the last two methods, approximately 10-8 mol l-1, can be further lowered by preliminary accumulation of the substance to be determined by adsorption at a working electrode. The applicability of these methods to the analysis of biological materials, directly or combined with an extraction, was demonstrated.

The Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of 1(4'-Carbamoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1236
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Viktor Mejstřík ◽  
Saafa Toubar ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Polarographic Behaviour ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

A study was made of the polarographic behaviour of 1-(4'-carbamoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene and optimum conditions were found for its determination by tast polarography and differential pulse polarography at a static mercury drop electrode and by fast scan differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in the concentration range 1 . 10-4 to 2 . 10-7 mol l-1. A further increase in the sensitivity can be achieved through adsorptive accumulation of the test substance on the surface of a hanging mercury drop, permitting the determination to be extended to the concentration range 1 . 10-7 - 2 . 10-9 mol l-1.

The Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of N,N-Dimethyl-4-amino-3'-nitroazobenzene

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Dana Dřevínková ◽  
Viktor Mejstřík ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Polarographic Reduction ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode

The polarographic reduction of N,N-dimethyl-4-amino-3'-nitroazobenzene was studied by tast polarography and differential pulse polarography, constant potential coulometry and cyclic voltammetry and mechanism was proposed for the reduction. Optimal conditions were found for the determination of the test substance using tast polarography in concentration range 1 . 10-4 - 2 . 10-6 mol l-1, differential pulse polarography at classical dropping mercury electrode and fast scan differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in range 1 . 10-4 - 2 . 10-7 mol l-1 and linear scan voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in range 1 . 10-5 - 2 . 10-8 mol l-1. A further increase in the sensitivity was achieved through adsorptive accumulation of the test substance on the surface of the working electrode, permitting the determination to be carried out in the concentration range 1 . 10-7 - 2 . 10-9 mol l-1.

Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of 1-(2'-Nitrophenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 2021-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Dana Dřevínková ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Differential Pulse Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

The polarographic behaviour of 1-(2'-nitrophenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene in mixed aqueous-methanolic solvent was investigated by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography, and fast scan differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. A mechanism is suggested for the reduction of the compound investigated. The optimum conditions were found for the determination of this analyte by tast polarography over the concentration region of 100 to 2 μmol l-1 and by differential pulse polarography or fast scan differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode over the region of 100 to 0.2 μmol l-1. Additional sensitivity increase in the last-mentioned technique was achieved by adsorptive accumulation of analyte on the hanging mercury drop surface, owing to which the concentration region was depressed to 0.1 - 0.02 μmol l-1.

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of 1-(2’-carbamoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2073-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Safa Toubar ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Polarographic Behaviour ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

A study was carried out of the polarographic behaviour of the genotoxic substance 1-(2’-carbamoylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene and optimum conditions were found for its determination by tast polarography or differential pulse polarography at a static mercury drop electrode and by fast scan differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode in the concentration range 1 . 10-4 -2 . 10-7 mol 1-1. The sensivity of the determination can be further improved through adsorptive accumulation of the test substance on the surface of the hanging mercury drop electrode; five-minute accumulation in unstirred solution permits determination in the concentration range (2-10 . 10-8 mol 1-1 and two-minute accumulation in stirred solution allows determination in the range (2-10) . 10-9 mol 1-1.

The polarographic and voltammetric determination of trypane blue

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-928
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Janina Balsiene ◽  
Barbara Tietzová ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Dropping Mercury Electrode ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

The reduction of mutagenic bisazodye trypane blue has been studied at a mercury electrode, a mechanism has been proposed and optimal conditions found for its analytical application. The use of a dropping mercury electrode with a renewable surface yielded a detection limit of 8 . 10-7 mol l-1 for TAST polarography, and 8 . 10-8 mol l-1 for differential pulse polarography; the use of a hanging mercury drop electrode with an unrenewed surface during the measurement yielded detection limit of 6 . 10-8 mol l-1 for fast scan differential pulse voltammetry and 4 . 10-8 mol l-1 for linear scan voltammetry. Preliminary adsorptive accumulation of the determined substance on the surface of the hanging mercury drop electrode led to a decrease in the detection limit to 5 . 10-9 mol l-1 for linear scan voltammetry.

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2466-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Antonín Berka ◽  
Ludmila Dempírová ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Differential Pulse Voltammetry ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Voltammetric Determination ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

Conditions were found for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine (I) and 6-thioguanine (II) by TAST polarography, differential pulse polarography and fast-scan differential pulse voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. The detection limits were 10-6, 8 . 10-8, and 6 . 10-8 mol l-1, respectively. A further lowering of the detection limit to 2 . 10-8 mol l-1 was attained by preliminary accumulation of the determined substances at the surface of a hanging mercury drop.

The polarographic and voltammetric determination of 2,6-dicyano-4-nitro-2'-acetylamino-4'-diethylaminoazobenzene

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1508-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Barek ◽  
Dagmar Civišová ◽  
Ashutosh Ghosh ◽  
Jiří Zima
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Determination Limit ◽  
Polarographic Reduction ◽  
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Pulse Polarography ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

The polarographic reduction of the title azo dye was studied and optimal conditions were found for its analytical utilization in the concentration range 1 . 10-6 - 1 . 10-7 mol l-1 using differential pulse polarography and 1 . 10-6 - 1 . 10-8 mol l-1 using fast scan differential pulse voltammetry or linear scan voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode. When the latter technique is combined with adsorptive accumulation of the studied substance on the surface of the hanging mercury drop, the determination limit can be further decreased to 3 . 10-9 mol l-1.

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