Electrochemical Incorporation of Lithium and Sodium into Carbon Black

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1158-1161
Author(s):  
Jiří Vondrák
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Solution ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Metal Electrodes

Electrochemical insertion of sodium or lithium into carbon black electrodes from perchlorate-propylene carbonate solution occurs under formation of substances close to C12Na and C6Li in potential range from 1.0 to 0 V vs alkali metal electrodes.

Voltammetric investigation of the kinetics of alkali metal cation reduction in N,N-dimethylformamide

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Diggle ◽  
AJ Parker ◽  
DA Owensby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Alkali Metal Cation ◽  
Electrode Reaction ◽  
Amalgam Electrode ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dipolar Aprotic Solvents

The standard electron-transfer heterogeneous rate constant of lithium, potassium, sodium and caesium amalgams in N,N-dimethylformamide was ascertained employing cyclic voltammetry in an effort to relate the presence of a non-equilibrium electrode reaction at the dropping lithium amalgam electrode to the variation of the lithium amalgam electrode potential with amalgam electrode con- figuration, i.e. whether streaming, dropping or stationary. Such variations are not observed at other alkali metal amalgam electrodes. ��� In the dipolar aprotic solvents the standard electron-transfer heterogeneous rate constant for the Li(Hg) electrode increases as the solvating power for Li+ decreases, i.e. dimethyl sulphoxide < di- methylformamide < propylene carbonate. Water is a much stronger solvator of Li+ than is propylene carbonate, but the electron transfer is faster in water than in propylene carbonate; the important role of entropic contributions in ion solvation is discussed as an explanation.

Novel Cathode Materials Based on Organic Couples for Lithium Batteries

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ravet ◽  
C. Michot ◽  
M. Armand
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Fast Decline

ABSTRACTThe electrochemical reduction of the oxocarbons: squarate, croconate and especially rhodizonate lithium salts have been studied in all solid state lithium batteries. Lithium rhodizonate cells were tested on cycling in the 1.5 – 3.5 V potential range The reduction of lithium rhodizonate occurs in two waves of two electrons. The number of electrons transferred in reduction on the first cycle was around 3.5 based on a capacity of 515 mA.h.g−1 and a discharge depth of 87 %. This process is quite reversible but we observed a fast decline of the capacity on cycling. This loss of capacity may be attributed to residual water in the salt. The reduction of the lithium croconate occurs at a potential of 1.8 V in a quasi-irreversible process. We could not observe the reduction of lithium squarate which occurs in the potential range where the lithium is inserted in carbon black. We also report an investigation on rhodizonate salts of transition metals. The best results, in term of capacity, on the 1.5 – 3.5 V potential range, were obtained with copper rhodizonate which exhibits a capacity of 579 mA.h.g−1 on the first discharge.

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