Catalytic Oxidation of Isobutene on a Polycomponent Catalyst

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2867-2874
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Machek ◽  
Josef Tichý ◽  
Jiří Švachula
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Industrial Preparation ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation

The catalytic gas-phase oxidation of isobutene has been studied on polycomponent Mo-Co-Ni-Bi-Fe-K oxide catalyst suitable for industrial preparation of propenal from propene. It has been found that within the temperature interval 290 - 350 °C the main oxidation products are 2-methylpropenal, acetone, 2-methylpropenoic acid, acetic acid and carbon dioxide. A modification of the mentioned catalyst by addition of a further component (W, P, Te, and Zn) showed that zinc increases the conversion of isobutene and at the same time markedly increases its selectivity for 2-methylpropenal, whereas the additions of tungsten and phosphorus decrease the conversion of isobutene with simultaneous increase of selectivity for CO2. If tert-butyl alcohol is used as the starting material instead of isobutene, then the extent of reaction is slightly decreased with simultaneous increase of selectivity for 2-methylpropenal, whereas the selectivities for the acids remain almost unchanged.

Probing aerosol formation by comprehensive measurements of gas phase oxidation products

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Ehn ◽  
Einhard Kleist ◽  
Heikki Junninen ◽  
Mikko Sipilä ◽  
Tuukka Petäjä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation

Formation of secondary organic aerosols from isoprene and its gas-phase oxidation products through reaction with hydrogen peroxide

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (25) ◽  
pp. 4093-4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Claeys ◽  
Wu Wang ◽  
Alina C Ion ◽  
Ivan Kourtchev ◽  
András Gelencsér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosols ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation

scholarly journals Biogenic SOA formation through gas-phase oxidation and gas-to-particle partitioning – comparison between process models of varying complexity

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 11001-11040
Author(s):  
E. Hermansson ◽  
P. Roldin ◽  
A. Rusanen ◽  
D. Mogensen ◽  
N. Kivekäs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation ◽  
Air Mass Trajectory

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by the vegetation play an important role for the aerosol mass loadings since the oxidation products of these compounds can take part in the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The concentrations and properties of BVOCs and their oxidation products in the atmosphere are poorly characterized, which leads to high uncertainties in modeled SOA mass and properties. In this study the formation of SOA has been modeled along an air mass trajectory over the northern European boreal forest using two aerosol dynamics box models where the prediction of the condensable organics from the gas-phase oxidation of BVOC is handled with schemes of varying complexity. The use of box model simulations along an air mass trajectory allows us to, under atmospheric relevant conditions, compare different model parameterizations and their effect on SOA formation. The result of the study shows that the modeled mass concentration of SOA is highly dependent on the organic oxidation scheme used to predict the oxidation products. A near-explicit treatment of organic gas-phase oxidation (Master Chemical Mechanism version 3.2) was compared to oxidation schemes that use the volatility basis set (VBS) approach. The resulting SOA mass modeled with different VBS-schemes varies by a factor of about 7 depending on how the first generation oxidation products are parameterized and how they subsequently age (e.g. how fast the gas-phase oxidation products react with the OH-radical, how they respond to temperature changes and if they are allowed to fragment during the aging process). Since the VBS approach is frequently used in regional and global climate models due to its relatively simple treatment of the oxidation products compared to near-explicit oxidation schemes; better understanding of the abovementioned processes are needed. Compared to the most commonly used VBS-schemes, the near-explicit method produces less – but more oxidized – SOA.

scholarly journals Biogenic SOA formation through gas-phase oxidation and gas-to-particle partitioning – a comparison between process models of varying complexity

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 11853-11869 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hermansson ◽  
P. Roldin ◽  
A. Rusanen ◽  
D. Mogensen ◽  
N. Kivekäs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation ◽  
Air Mass Trajectory

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by vegetation play an important role for aerosol mass loadings since the oxidation products of these compounds can take part in the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The concentrations and properties of BVOCs and their oxidation products in the atmosphere are poorly characterized, which leads to high uncertainties in modeled SOA mass and properties. In this study, the formation of SOA has been modeled along an air-mass trajectory over northern European boreal forest using two aerosol dynamics box models where the prediction of the condensable organics from the gas-phase oxidation of BVOC is handled with schemes of varying complexity. The use of box model simulations along an air-mass trajectory allows us to compare, under atmospheric relevant conditions, different model parameterizations and their effect on SOA formation. The result of the study shows that the modeled mass concentration of SOA is highly dependent on the organic oxidation scheme used to predict oxidation products. A near-explicit treatment of organic gas-phase oxidation (Master Chemical Mechanism version 3.2) was compared to oxidation schemes that use the volatility basis set (VBS) approach. The resulting SOA mass modeled with different VBS schemes varies by a factor of about 7 depending on how the first-generation oxidation products are parameterized and how they subsequently age (e.g., how fast the gas-phase oxidation products react with the OH radical, how they respond to temperature changes, and if they are allowed to fragment during the aging process). Since the VBS approach is frequently used in regional and global climate models due to its relatively simple treatment of the oxidation products compared to near-explicit oxidation schemes, a better understanding of the above-mentioned processes is needed. Based on the results of this study, fragmentation should be included in order to obtain a realistic SOA formation. Furthermore, compared to the most commonly used VBS schemes, the near-explicit method produces less – but more oxidized – SOA.

scholarly journals TiO2 Modification with Transition Metallic Species (Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu) for Photocatalytic Abatement of Acetic Acid in Liquid Phase and Propene in Gas Phase

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Amorós-Pérez ◽  
Laura Cano-Casanova ◽  
Ana Castillo-Deltell ◽  
María Lillo-Ródenas ◽  
María Román-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Metallic Species

The commercial P25 titania has been modified with transition metallic species (Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu), added by impregnation with aqueous solutions of the corresponding nitrates. The preparation procedure also includes a heat treatment (500 °C) in argon to decompose the nitrates, remove impurities and to strengthen the metal–TiO2 interaction. The catalysts have been thoroughly characterized using N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and have been tested in the aqueous phase decomposition of acetic acid and in the gas phase oxidation of propene, using an irradiation source of 365 nm in both cases. The photocatalytic activity of the four metal-containing catalysts varies with the nature of the metallic species and follows a similar trend in the two tested reactions. The effect of the nature of the added metallic species is mainly based on the electrochemical properties of the supported species, being Cu/P25 (the sample that contains copper) the best performing catalyst. In the photodecomposition of acetic acid, all the metal-containing samples are more active than bare P25, while in the gas phase oxidation of propene, bare P25 is more active. This has been explained considering that the rate-determining steps are different in gas and liquid media.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Atmospheric Modeling of Reactive Cyclic Siloxanes and Their Oxidation Products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Janechek ◽  
Kaj M. Hansen ◽  
Charles O. Stanier
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation

Abstract. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are important components in personal care products that transport and react in the atmosphere. Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), and their gas phase oxidation products have been incorporated into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Gas phase oxidation products, as the precursor to secondary organic aerosol from this compound class, were included to quantify the maximum potential for aerosol formation from gas phase reactions with OH. Four 1-month periods were modeled to quantify typical concentrations, seasonal variability, spatial patterns, and vertical profiles. Typical model concentrations showed parent compounds were highly dependent on population density as cities had monthly averaged peak D5 concentrations up to 432 ng m−3. Peak oxidized D5 concentrations were significantly less, up to 9 ng m−3 and were located downwind of major urban areas. Model results were compared to available measurements and previous simulation results. Seasonal variation was analyzed and differences in seasonal influences were observed between urban and rural locations. Parent compound concentrations in urban and peri-urban locations were sensitive to transport factors, while parent compounds in rural areas and oxidized product concentrations were influenced by large-scale seasonal variability in OH.

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