Use of the Internal and External Standard Techniques in Determinations of Amino Acids by Ion Exchange Chromatography

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Bohuslav Rittich ◽  
Stanislav Standara
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
Multicomponent Sample ◽  
Propagation Of Errors ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Acid Determination

Influence of internal standard technique on precision of amino acid determination was studied. The law of propagation of errors and the information theory was applied in this paper. From the results it follows that the internal standard technique did not inevitably improve the precision of the determination. In the case of multicomponent sample, the external standard technique improved the accuracy only if calibration curve was used.

Identification and Distribution of m-Tyramine in the Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Philips ◽  
B. A. Davis ◽  
D. A. Durden ◽  
Alan A. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of m-tyramine in mammalian tissues is described. It involves isolation of the amine by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by conversion to the dansyl derivative, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique using an isotopically labelled internal standard. The concentrations of m-tyramine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (mean ± S.D., nanograms per gram): brain 0.32 ± 0.03, heart 0.44 ± 0.13. kidney 12.6 ± 3.4, liver 0.27 ± 0.04, lung 0.33 ± 0.11, spleen 0.25 ± 0.07, and blood 0.15 ± 0.04.

Modified Pisano Method for Estimating Urinary Metanephrines

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
R N Gupta ◽  
D Price ◽  
P M Keane
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Urinary Metanephrines

Abstract The Pisano method [Clin. Chim. Acta 5, 406 (1960)] for estimating urinary metanephrine, used in the screening of hypertensive persons for pheochromocytoma, has been modified by replacing ion-exchange chromatography with differential solvent extraction. An internal standard is incorporated to correct for procedural losses. Interference from some related compounds is negligible. Normal-range values obtained for various age groups by the present method compare well with those obtained by Pisano’s procedure, but are higher than values reported for more specific methods.

Identification and Distribution of β-Phenylethylamine in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Durden ◽  
S. R. Philips ◽  
Alan A. Boulton
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dansyl Derivatives ◽  
The Brain

A procedure for the quantitative evaluation of some amines present in mammalian tissues has been developed. It includes isolation of the amines by ion exchange chromatography followed by conversion to dansyl derivatives, chromatographic separation, and quantitation by the mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique. The use of an isotopically labelled internal standard improves the precision and sensitivity of the analysis.The concentrations of β-phenylethylamine in some tissues of male Wistar rats were (ng/g); brain 1.8 ± 0.4, heart 5.7 ± 3.1, kidney 20.5 ± 2.2, liver 2.0 ± 0.7, lung 4.0 ± 1.4, and spleen 4.7 ± 2.7. In the brain the hypothalamus contained 25.3 ± 5.0, the cerebellum 3.4 ± 0.5, the stem 2.2 ± 0.9, the caudate nucleus 8.0 ± 0.3, and the 'rest' 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Amino acid determination in biological fluids by automated ion-exchange chromatography: performance of Hitachi L-8500A

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Le Boucher ◽  
Christelle Charret ◽  
Colette Coudray-Lucas ◽  
Jacqueline Giboudeau ◽  
Luc Cynober
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
On Line ◽  
Intermediate Concentration ◽  
Acid Determination

Abstract The Hitachi L-8500A is a newly available apparatus for amino acid (AA)analysis that allows automatic on-line mixing of the ninhydrin reagent. The within-run precision (human plasma pools at three different concentrations) showed CVs <3.8% except for the lowest concentration of citrulline (4.4%), Tyr (4.5%), and α-aminobutyric acid (7.6%), and for the intermediate concentration of Asp (8.7%). Between-run precision (CV) was <3.1% for 17 AAs and <8.0% for 24 of 25 AAs (CV Asp = 12.0%). For retention times, within-run precision was <0.4% and between-run precision <1.8%. Excellent relations were found between the results from the Hitachi L-8500A and the widely used Beckman 6300 analyzer (0.929≤ r ≤0.999). The detection was still linear at 5 μmol/L except for Pro and hydroxyproline (20 μmol/L). The upper limit was at least 2500 μmol/L for 13 AAs and at least 1000 μmol/L for 27 of 29 AAs (anserine = 500, Val = 600 μmol/L). Values from 100 human plasma samples agreed with previously published data. We conclude that the results obtained with the Hitachi L-8500A are satisfactory when compared with those of other AA analyzers utilizing the same method. Furthermore, the Hitachi L-8500A displays several advantages including programming flexibility, microsample capacity, low noise plotting, ammonia filtering, and manual repacking of the analytical column.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Alliin and Allicin in Allium Plants and Their Products by Liquid Chromatography

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Mochizuki ◽  
Takao Yamamoto ◽  
Masakazu Horie ◽  
Yoshitomo Ikai ◽  
Hlroyuki Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
External Standard

Abstract Alliin and allicin in garlic and their products are determined simultaneously by ion-pair reversedphase liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array UV detection. Alliin is extracted from fresh garlic, purified by ion-exchange chromatography, and appliedas external standard. Allicin is generated enzymatically from alliin, confirmed by LC, and applied as external standard. Compounds areextracted from samples with water and chromatographed on an octadecylsilane column with gradient elution from 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) with 5 mM heptanesulfonic acid (A) to 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5)-acetonitrile (1 + 1; B). Themethod can be used to analyze fresh garlic, spices, garlic preparations, and health foods.

Accurate fully automated powder diffraction data using zero-background sample holders

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Misture ◽  
L. R. Chatfield ◽  
R. L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Standard Calibration

An increasingly frequent used sample holder, the zero-background holder (ZBH), is evaluated for use in external standard calibration of powder patterns. The effectiveness of the ZBH calibration method is determined by comparison to the conventional internal- and external-standard calibration techniques. The three calibration methods are compared using the results of lattice parameter refinements of test powders, using Si as the standard. Several test materials were used in the evaluation which cover a wide range of absorption coefficients so sample transparency effects can be distinguished from sample displacement effects. Results of the calibrations clearly indicate that the ZBH method gives precision and accuracy comparable to the internal-standard method, and significantly better than the external-standard technique. In addition, the ZBH method yields substantially better results than the internal-standard method for materials with low absorption coefficients. Low-angle calibrations are also made on a ZBH using a proposed standard, silver behenate, which has peaks from 1.5° to 20° 2θ. These calibrations have shown that if care is not taken to establish a monolayer of powder on the ZBH crystal, significant errors in refined lattice parameters will result.

Studies on an Inhibitor of Plasminogen Activation in Human Serum

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Specific Adsorption ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Preparative Electrophoresis

SummaryA procedure is described for partial purification of an inhibitor of the activation of plasminogen by urokinase and streptokinase. The method involves specific adsorption of contammants, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and preparative electrophoresis. The inhibitor fraction contained no antiplasmin, no plasminogen, no α1-antitrypsin, no antithrombin-III and was shown not to be α2 M or inter-α-inhibitor. It contained traces of prothrombin and cerulo-plasmin. An antiserum against the inhibitor fraction capable of neutralising the inhibitor in serum was raised in rabbits.

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