Preparation of 3-cyano-4-(R-vinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-butenolides and substituent effects on their infrared spectra

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1666-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Perjéssy ◽  
Aida Avetisovna Avetisyan ◽  
Anna Alexandrovna Aknazaryan ◽  
Gagik Surenovich Melikyan
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Transmission Factors ◽  
Statistical Results

Twenty nine 3-cyano-4-(R-vinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-butenolides were prepared by condensation of 3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethyl-Δ3-butenolide with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. The wave numbers of C=O, C=N and C=C stretching vibrations of synthesized compounds were measured in trichloro- and tetrachloromethane. The spectral data were correlated with substituent conotants using Hammett-Brown and the improved and extended Seth-Paul-Van Duyse equation. The statistical results of correlations were compared with those of ethyl α-cyanocinnamates, ethyl benzoates and benzonitriles. The transmission factors for one and two C=C bonds were determined in the regions of π' = 0.46-0.57 and 0.27-0.37, respectively. In 3-cyano-4-(arylvinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-butenolides a considerable conjugation exists between the arylvinyl moiety and both the C=O and C=N groups. On the other hand, in 3-cyano-4-(alkylvinyl)-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-butenolides probably only the endocyclic C=C bond takes part in a marked resonance interaction with alkylvinyl group. A generally valid relationship was found between the slopes of ν(C=O) vs σ+ and ν(C=N) vs σ+ correlations for different types of compounds measured in CHCl3 and CCl4.

Infrared spectra and substituent effects in 2-(3-, and 4-substituted phenylmethylene)-1,3-cycloheptanediones

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Perjéssy ◽  
Pavol Hrnčiar ◽  
Ján Šraga
Keyword(s):  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Vibrational Coupling ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Effect Of Structure

The wave numbers of the fundamental C=O and C=C stretching vibrations, as well as that of the first overtone of C=O stretching vibration of 2-(3-, and 4-substituted phenylmethylene)-1,3-cycloheptanediones and 1,3-cycloheptanedione were measured in tetrachloromethane and chloroform. The spectral data were correlated with σ+ constants of substituents attached to phenyl group and with wave number shifts of the C=O stretching vibration of substituted acetophenones. The slope of the linear dependence ν vs ν+ of the C=C stretching vibration of the ethylenic group was found to be more than two times higher than that of the analogous correlation of the C=O stretching vibration. Positive values of anharmonicity for asymmetric C=O stretching vibration can be considered as an evidence of the vibrational coupling in a cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl system similarly, as with derivatives of 1,3-indanedione. The relationship between the wave numbers of the symmetric and asymmetric C=O stretching vibrations indicates that the effect of structure upon both vibrations is symmetric. The vibrational coupling in 1,3-cycloheptanediones and the application of Seth-Paul-Van-Duyse equation is discussed in relation to analogous results obtained for other cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mineralized Dentin Graft in the Treatment of Intraosseous Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Nuray Özkahraman ◽  
Nilüfer Bölükbaşı Balcıoğlu ◽  
Merva Soluk Tekkesin ◽  
Yusuf Altundağ ◽  
Serdar Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Autogenous Graft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Group A ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Group D

Background and Objectives: Dentin grafts have osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties and are considered as an alternative to autogenous graft. This study evaluates the efficacy of autogenous mineralized dentin graft (AMDG) alone or with xenograft and compares it with those of various graft materials used in the treatment of intraosseous bone defects. Materials and Methods: The third incisor teeth of six sheep (2–3 years old) were extracted and AMDG was obtained. Six defects were prepared on each tibia of these six sheep: empty defect (group E); autogenous graft (group A), dentin graft (group D), xenograft (group X), autogenous + xenograft (group A + X) and dentin + xenograft (group D + X). Three sheep in each group were sacrificed in the post-operative 3rd and 6th week and the histologic analyses were performed. Results: The D and D + X groups showed histological features similar to the other groups in the 3rd and 6th weeks. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the rates of new bone formation between the D and D + X groups (p = 1.0) and the other groups at both time intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Similar results observed in this study between groups A, D, X, A + X and D + X demonstrate that AMDG can be successfully used in the treatment of intraosseous bone defects. Further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be able to evaluate the effectiveness of dentin grafts in different types of indications.

Organobismuth Compounds. III. Preparation and Infrared Spectra of Triphenylbismuth(V) Derivatives of Dibasic Acids

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2529-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Goel ◽  
H. S. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Polymeric Structures

Triphenylbismuth carbonate, oxalate, sulfate, selenate, and chromate have been prepared and their solid state infrared (i.r.) spectra have been studied in the frequency region 4000 to 200 cm−1. The i.r. spectroscopic results indicate that, like the corresponding trimethyl- and triphenylantimony(V) derivatives, these compounds also have non-ionic polymeric structures containing bridging anion groups and five co-ordinate bismuth. The i.r. frequencies associated with the bismuth–anion stretching vibrations appear to occur at 300 cm−1 for the carbonate and below 300 cm−1 for the other compounds.

The vibrational spectra of 4-pyridone, and its 2,3,5,6-tetradeutero, N-deutero, N-methyl, N-cyano, and 3,5-dihalogeno derivatives. Mixing between C=C and C=O stretching vibrations

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Batts ◽  
E Spinner
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Vibrational Spectra ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Effects ◽  
Oxide Structure ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Electron Withdrawing Substituents

The infrared spectra of the above compounds, and the Raman spectra of the parent compound and its 2,3,5,6-D4, 1-D, and 1-Me derivatives have been determined. The effects of electron-withdrawing substituents, N- methylation, and deuteration on the two intense infrared bands in the 1480-1650 cm-1 region are not compatible with one being a C=O and the other a C=C stretching band. These two vibrations must be extensively mixed; occasionally very pronounced medium effects, which are not straightforward, are observed for one or both of these bands. The spectra are not in accord with a mostly zwitterionic (N-protonated pyrid-4-oxide) structure (II) of 4-pyridone. Band assignments are made for the parent compound.

Substituent effects on the structure of hexacoordinate carbon bearing two thioxanthene ligands

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torahiko Yamaguchi ◽  
Yohsuke Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Structure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Electronic Nature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sulfone Derivative ◽  
Electron Donation ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

In order to elucidate the electronic nature of our recently reported first hexacoordinated carbon (12-C-6), density functional theory (DFT) calculations of sulfide precursor, sulfone derivative, and S+-F derivative were carried out and compared with those of the reported S+-Me hexacoordinated carbon. Computations on the hexacoordinated carbon, indicating that four attractive C–O interactions with the central hexacoordinate carbon atom exist, also revealed that the interactions consist of two different types of three-center four-electron bonds, which can be regarded as electron donation by the lone pairs of the oxygen atoms to the empty low-lying π*-orbitals of the allene. The optimized structures of the sulfide, sulfone, S+-F, and the original S+-Me suggested that the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups at the sulfur atoms would make the C–O attractive interactions stronger by a larger contribution of the carbon dication resonance structure. Thus, allene compounds (sulfide, sulfone, sulfonium) with two different thioxanthene ligands (one with 1,8-dimethoxy groups as in the S+-Me compound and the other with 1,8-diphenoxy groups) were synthesized to confirm the predicted substituent effects on the C(central)–O interactions. Electron-withdrawing substituents at the sulfur atoms were found to give rise to strong C(central)–O attractive interactions; the average values of the four C–O distances were smaller as the electron-withdrawing ability of the sulfur atoms rose. Additionally, C(central)···OMe distances were shorter than the corresponding C(central)···OPh distances, reflecting the higher electron-donating ability of the oxygen atoms at these 1,8-positions of the thioxanthene skeleton.

scholarly journals Individual involvement into terroristic activity: sociological and psychological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-248
Author(s):  
D. S. Kazarova ◽  
I. N. Lebedeva ◽  
N. A. Shaturina
Keyword(s):  
Social Bonds ◽  
World View ◽  
Psychological Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Research Show

The article is devoted to the description of an urgent psychological problem of involving a person into terroristic activity. Applied psychological researches and different types of the other literature analyzes the materials revealing different aspects of the processes connected to forming a terroristic environment and involving a person into it. The conclusions of the research show what kind of people are at risk of being recruited to a terroristic organization. The psychological roots of terrorism and terrorist behavior are analyzed. The role of the narcissistic defenses in the formation of extremist behavior and involvement in the terrorist environment is shown. Terrorist behavior is explained via the terms of theories on the conflict of cultures, stigma and the theory of subcultures. The work discloses the characteristics of an important stage in the formation of any terrorist group and the entire environment as a whole that is the formation and creation of the enemy image. Various stages of involvement in terrorist groups are presented and the main features of the individuals involved are highlighted within the article. Concluding up the ideas, it can be noted that entering into a terrorist network or a terroristic group a man loses their personality and individuality. This process leads to the fact of interests, objectives and goals narrowing. And the doctrines of the group that are the willingness to sacrifice, to break all previous social bonds contradicting the terroristic world-view come true. Here are the recommendations on the socio-psychological counteraction to the involvement of a person into a terroristic surrounding.

The wavenumbers of NO2 stretching vibrations and transmission of substituent effects in 2- and 4-substituted 3-nitropyridine series

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2443-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Perjéssy ◽  
Danuta Rasala ◽  
Piotr Tomasik ◽  
Ryszard Gawinecki
Keyword(s):  
Nitro Group ◽  
Substituent Effect ◽  
Substituent Effects ◽  
Correlation Equations ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Transmission Factors

The wavenumbers of both the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the nitro group were measured in chloroform for the series of 2-X- and 4-X-substituted 3-nitropyridines as well as for o-X-substituted nitrobenzenes. The νas(NO2) and νs(NO2) values of both nitropyridine series were compared with those of corresponding nitrobenzenes. It has been found that the substituent effects in pyridines are transmitted to the 3-nitro group more readily from the 4-position, than from the 2-position. This transmission in 2-X-substituted 3-nitropyridines is comparable with that in the series of o-substituted benzene analogues. The transmission factors, γ, were determined according to Charton's definition for both 2,3- and 4,3-disubstituted pyridine rings. The separation of overall substituent effect into its inductive (field), resonance and steric components is discussed in terms of multiparameter correlation equations for wavenumber of asymmetric NO2 stretching vibration.

Stretching vibrations of the V(O2) group and structure of vanadium(V) peroxo complexes

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schwendt
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polyhedron ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Peroxo Complexes ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Spectral Patterns

The infrared spectra of some vanadium(V) peroxo complexes were measured and supplemented with published data ( a total of 33 complexes) to seek for relations between the stretching vibrations of the V(O2) group and the structure of the complexes. While no such relation could be established in the region of 9.10 - 800 cm-1, in the 660 - 490 cm-1 range the spectral patterns were found sensitive to the composition and structure of the coordination polyhedron, thus making it possible to discriminate between complexes of different types.

Tonsillar Inflammation, a Rare Cause of Bradycardia and Hypotension

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A

Tonsillitis is a frequently encountered pathology in the outpatient setting, usually caused by viruses [1]. When bacterial, the most common causatory microbe is streptococcus group A [1]. Tonsillar and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) on the other hand are never viral, and are usually caused by streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus melleri, fusobacterium necrophorum and staphylococci [1,2]. The overall incidence of PTA is suggested to be 37/100,000 patients, with the highest incidence between ages 14-21 at 124/100,000 [3].

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