Facile coupling of alkyl or aryl halogenides with organolithium compounds in the presence of alkoxides of heavier alkali metals

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Lochmann ◽  
Jiří Trekoval
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Metals ◽  
Organolithium Compounds ◽  
Wurtz Reaction

Nonactivated alkyl or aryl halogenides readily react with organolithium compounds in the presence of alkoxides of heavy alkaline metals. In the case of organic bromides and iodides, coupling products in the sense of the Wurtz reaction are mainly formed.

scholarly journals Some Thermoelectric Phenomena in Copper Chalcogenides Replaced by Lithium and Sodium Alkaline Metals

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2238
Author(s):  
Marzhan M. Kubenova ◽  
Kairat A. Kuterbekov ◽  
Malik K. Balapanov ◽  
Rais K. Ishembetov ◽  
Asset M. Kabyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Lattice Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Thermoelectric Efficiency ◽  
Alkaline Metals ◽  
Copper Chalcogenides ◽  
Normal Propagation

This review presents thermoelectric phenomena in copper chalcogenides substituted with sodium and lithium alkali metals. The results for other modern thermoelectric materials are presented for comparison. The results of the study of the crystal structure and phase transitions in the ternary systems Na-Cu-S and Li-Cu-S are presented. The main synthesis methods of nanocrystalline copper chalcogenides and its alloys are presented, as well as electrical, thermodynamic, thermal, and thermoelectric properties and practical application. The features of mixed electron–ionic conductors are discussed. In particular, in semiconductor superionic copper chalcogenides, the presence of a “liquid-like phase” inside a “solid” lattice interferes with the normal propagation of phonons; therefore, superionic copper chalcogenides have low lattice thermal conductivity, and this is a favorable factor for the formation of high thermoelectric efficiency in them.

Lithium - Heavier alkali metal exchange in organolithium compounds induced by alkoxides of heavier alkali metals and reactions occurring in this system

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomír Lochmann ◽  
Jiří Trekoval
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Metal Exchange ◽  
Metal Alkoxides ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Organolithium Compounds ◽  
Reactive Compound ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Derivatives Of

Organolithium compounds of various types undergo an exchange reaction lithium-heavier alkali metal when treated with heavier alkali metal alkoxides. In the presence of a third reactive compound the exchange reaction gives rise to a compound of the third component substituted with the heavier alkali metal. Using this exchange reaction, organic derivatives of heavier alkali metals in the individual state can be easily prepared. The mechanism of such reactions is discussed, and the formation of lithium alkoxide is assumed to contribute significantly to the driving force of the reaction. Organic compounds of heavier alkali metals possess a considerably higher reactivity than organolithium compounds, and are therefore used as reactive intermediates in preparative chemistry, or as polymerization initiators in macromolecular chemistry. This review provides information about the scope and possibilities of this exchange reaction, which has been increasingly widely used in the recent years.

Alkali metal adducts of benzophenone azine. II. The lithium adduct

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. MacPherson ◽  
James G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organolithium Compounds ◽  
Metal Adducts ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The behavior of benzophenone azine towards lithium has been studied. Unlike sodium and potassium, lithium effected extensive reduction and cleavage of benzophenone azine; the reaction product being benzhydryl amine. By limiting the amount of lithium to 2 g-atoms per mole of azine, the reaction product was shown to be N-lithiobenzophenone imine on the basis of its chemical behavior.Two reasons are advanced to explain the behavior of lithium in contrast to that of sodium or potassium. One explanation relies upon the greater reducing power of lithium compared with the other two alkali metals. The other relies upon the tendency of organolithium compounds to associate via formation of multi-center bonds.

SOME FACTORS DETERMINING INCIPIENT SUPERHEATS IN ALKALINE METALS

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leonov ◽  
V. F. Prisnyakov ◽  
A. Voropay
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Metals

Room Temperature Alkali Metal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Freeman ◽  
Akachukwu D. Obi ◽  
Haleigh R. Machost ◽  
Andrew Molino ◽  
Asa W. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Open Shell ◽  
Metal Reduction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Electron Reduction

The reduction of the relatively inert carbon–oxygen bonds of CO<sub>2</sub> to access useful CO<sub>2</sub>-derived organic products is one of the most important fundamental challenges in synthetic chemistry. Facilitating this bond-cleavage using earth-abundant, non-toxic main group elements (MGEs) is especially arduous because of the difficulty in achieving strong inner-sphere interactions between CO<sub>2</sub> and the MGE. Herein we report the first successful chemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature by alkali metals, promoted by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC). One-electron reduction of CAAC-CO<sub>2</sub> adduct (<b>1</b>) with lithium, sodium or potassium metal yields stable monoanionic radicals clusters [M(CAAC–CO<sub>2</sub>)]<sub>n</sub>(M = Li, Na, K, <b> 2</b>-<b>4</b>) and two-electron alkali metal reduction affords open-shell, dianionic clusters of the general formula [M<sub>2</sub>(CAAC–CO<sub>2</sub>)]<sub>n </sub>(<b>5</b>-<b>8</b>). It is notable that these crystalline clusters of reduced CO<sub>2</sub> may also be isolated via the “one-pot” reaction of free CO<sub>2</sub> with free CAAC followed by the addition of alkali metals – a reductive process which does not occur in the absence of carbene. Each of the products <b>2</b>-<b>8</b> were investigated using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.<br>

Functionalized Organolithium Compounds: New Synthetic Adventures

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 867-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Najera ◽  
Miguel Yus
Keyword(s):  
Organolithium Compounds
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