Spontaneous penetration of hydrogen and oxygen through semihydrophobic fuel cell electrodes

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-567
Author(s):  
Karel Smrček ◽  
Olga Marholová ◽  
Karel Micka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Qualitative Agreement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Spontaneous penetration of hydrogen or oxygen through porous Teflon membranes into water or KOH solution was studied by a new method based on the measurement of the minimum gas overpressure necessary for the penetration at various temperatures. The results were compared with measurements on hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and are in qualitative agreement with theoretical studies. The penetration of gases into the electrolyte can be prevented by their humidification before introducing them into the cells.

Highly durable fuel cell electrodes based on ionomers dispersed in glycerol

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 5927-5932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Kim ◽  
C. F. Welch ◽  
N. H. Mack ◽  
R. P. Hjelm ◽  
E. B. Orler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Dispersing Medium

A major, unprecedented improvement in the durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is obtained by tuning the properties of the interface between the catalyst and the ionomer by choosing the appropriate dispersing medium.

Pt-Based Core–Shell Catalyst Architectures for Oxygen Fuel Cell Electrodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (19) ◽  
pp. 3273-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtap Oezaslan ◽  
Frédéric Hasché ◽  
Peter Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

scholarly journals Protonated Phosphonic Acid Electrodes for High Power Heavy-Duty Vehicle Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Lim ◽  
Albert Lee ◽  
Vladimir Atanasov ◽  
Jochen Kerres ◽  
Santosh Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Perfluorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Phosphonic Acids ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Anhydrous Proton Conduction

Abstract Fuel cells operating at above 100 °C under anhydrous conditions provide an ideal solution for the heat rejection problem of heavy-duty vehicle applications. Here, we report protonated phosphonic acid electrodes that remarkably improve fuel cell performance. The protonated phosphonic acids are comprised of tetrafluorostyrene phosphonic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid polymers in which a proton of the perfluorosulfonic acid is transferred to the phosphonic acid to enhance the anhydrous proton conduction of fuel cell electrodes. By implementing this material into fuel cell electrodes, we obtained a fuel cell exhibiting a rated power density of 780 milliwatts per square centimeter at 160 °C, with minimal degradation during 2,500 hours of operation, and 700 thermal cycles from 40 to 160 °C under load.

Analogies Between Fuel Cells and Heat Exchangers: From Phenomena to Design Principles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comas Haynes ◽  
William Rooker ◽  
Vaughn Melbourne ◽  
Jeffery Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
In Transit

Fuel cells and heat exchangers have numerous similarities. Both technologies are used to produce an “energy-in-transit.” Heat exchangers foster thermal transport (heat) as a result of thermal potential differences between streams; fuel cells foster charge transport across electrodes (current leading to power) as a result of electrochemical/electric potential differences between the reactant streams and fuel cell electrodes. Additional analogs include series resistance formulations, active regions for transport phenomena and pertinent capacity rates. These similarities have motivated the extension of heat exchanger design philosophies to fuel cells development. Pilot simulations have been done wherein solid oxide fuel cell geometries and process settings are being optimized via electrochemical pinch points, electroactive area optimization (patterned after optimal area allocation within heat exchangers), electrode “fins” for diminished polarization, and electrochemical multi-staging (motivated by heat exchanger network concepts). The prevailing theme has been to bridge methodologies from the mature field of heat exchanger design to improve fuel cell design practices.

scholarly journals Corrections of Voltage Loss in Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jinzhe Lyu ◽  
Viktor Kudiiarov ◽  
Andrey Lider
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Catalytic Layer ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Voltage Loss ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Normally, the Nernst voltage calculated from the concentration of the reaction gas in the flow channel is considered to be the ideal voltage (reversible voltage) of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. The Nernst voltage loss in fuel cells in most of the current literature is thought to be due to the difference in concentration of reaction gas in the flow channel and concentration of reaction gas on the catalyst layer at the time as when the high net current density is generated. Based on the Butler–Volmer equation in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, this paper demonstrates that Nernst voltage loss caused by concentration difference of reaction gas in the flow channel and reaction gas on the catalyst layer at equilibrium potential. According to the relationship between the current density and the concentration difference it can be proven that Nernst voltage loss does not exist in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells because there is no concentration difference of reaction gas in the flow channel and on the catalytic layer at equilibrium potential when the net current density is zero.

Advancing Fuel Cells Technology via Analogous Heat Exchanger Design Principles

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comas Haynes ◽  
Vaughn Melbourne ◽  
William Rooker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrodes ◽  
Heat Exchanger Design ◽  
Area Optimization ◽  
In Transit

Fuel cells and heat exchangers have numerous similarities. Both technologies are used to produce an “energy-in-transit.” Heat exchangers foster thermal transport (heat) as a result of thermal potential differences between streams; fuel cells foster charge transport across electrodes (current leading to power) as a result of electrochemical/electric potential differences between the reactant streams and fuel cell electrodes. Additional analogs include series resistance formulations, active regions for transport phenomena and pertinent capacity rates. These similarities have motivated the extension of heat exchanger design philosophies to fuel cells development. Pilot simulations have been done wherein solid oxide fuel cell geometries and process settings are being optimized via electrochemical pinch points, electroactive area optimization (patterned after optimal UA allocation within heat exchangers), and electrode “fins” for diminished polarization. The prevailing theme has been to bridge methodologies from the mature field of heat exchanger design to improve fuel cell design practices.

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