Extracellular polysaccharide of Aspergillus flavus

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 2435-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Kardošová ◽  
Jozef Rosík
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Weight ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A crude extracellular polysaccharide was isolated by precipitation with ethanol from the culture medium of Aspergillus flavus, where the sole carbon source was D-galactose; purification afforded a homogeneous water-soluble polysaccharide in 0.05% yield on the weight of the employed carbon source. This polysaccharide had the relative molar weight 55 000 and [α]D22 -4.2° (c 0.5, H2O); upon total hydrolysis it afforded D-mannose and D-galactose in a 1 : 0.44 ratio. The products of hydrolysis of the methylated polysaccharide and also the course of partial acid and enzymic hydrolyses of the polysaccharide showed that the main chain was formed by (1 → 2) β-linked D-mannose units, of which each second, on average, was substituted by monomeric D-galactose units at C(6).

THE EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF GELATINOUS STRAINS OF CHROMOBACTERIUM VIOLACEUM

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Corpe
Keyword(s):  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Viscous Solution ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A method for the isolation and purification of the voluminous extracellular polysaccharide of Chromobacterium violaceum is presented. The purified product was fibrous when wet but dried into a tough, pliable film which was completely water soluble, forming a highly viscous solution. Hydrolysis of the polysaccharide, isolation and identification of the components established the presence of glucose as the principal sugar. A uronic acid and an amino sugar not conclusively identified were also present. Glucose, uronic acid, and the amino sugar were found in an approximate 5:1:1 ratio.

Acid hydrolysis of O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan in a continuous tube reactor: a new approach to sugar monomer production

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pérez Nebreda ◽  
Henrik Grénman ◽  
Päivi Mäki-Arvela ◽  
Kari Eränen ◽  
Jarl Hemming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tube Reactor ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Laminar Flow Model

Abstract Hemicellulose O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (GGM) is the main noncellulosic water-soluble polysaccharide in the coniferous softwood Norway spruce, consisting of anhydro-galactose, -glucose, and -mannose. Acid hydrolysis of GGM has been studied in a continuous tube reactor to obtain these sugars under industrially relevant conditions. The reaction was performed under atmospheric pressure at 90°C and 95°C, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) served as catalyst. The influence of the reaction parameters, such as acid concentration (pH), temperature, concentration of the substrate, as well as catalyst and reactant flow rates, has been studied on the conversion efficiency and product distribution. Continuous production of monomeric sugars was achieved without formation of low-molecular by-products. The GGM conversion was high with HCl as catalyst, at 95°C, and a pH of 0.3. The main hydrolysis products were mannose, glucose, and galactose monomers. Minor amounts of sugar dimers were detected among the products. The experimental results are described with a laminar flow model for the continuous reactor.

THE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF DERMATOPHYTES: III. A GALACTOMANNAN FROM TRICHOPHYTON INTERDIGITALE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2862-2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Blank ◽  
M. B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Trichophyton Interdigitale ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

The water-soluble polysaccharide preparation from Trichophytoninterdigitale was fractionated to give two distinct galactomannans and a glucan. A galactomannan isolated via its insoluble copper complex had [α]D +75° (water) and was composed of D-galactose (12%) and D-mannose (88%). On periodate oxidation, the galactomannan consumed 1.73 mole periodate and released 0.67 mole formic acid and 0.12 mole formaldehyde per anhydrohexose unit. Hydrolysis of the methylated galactomannan gave 2,3,5,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (1 part), 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannose (1 part), 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose (4 parts), and3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannose (2 parts). Mild acid hydrolysis of the galactomannan removed all the galactose residues, leaving a mannan having [α]D +84° (water) whose structure was analyzed by periodate oxidation and methylation techniques.

STRUCTURE OF AN ARABOGALACTAN FROM TAMARACK (LARIX LARICINA)

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A water-soluble polysaccharide containing L-arabinose and D-galactose in a molar ratio 1:3.8 was isolated from tamarack. Fractionation with ethanol from aqueous solution yielded one main component which was judged to be homogeneous on the basis of electrophoresis and sedimentation data. Hydrolysis of the fully methylated polysaccharide yielded, 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose (2 moles); 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (16 moles); 2,5-di-O-methyl-L-arabinose (5 moles); 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose (5.5 moles); 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (11 moles); 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (3 moles); 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-galactose (1 mole); 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-galactose (20 moles); 2-O-methyl-D-galactose (3 moles).Possible structures for the arabogalactan are proposed and discussed on the basis of these results.

STRUCTURE OF AN ARABOGALACTAN FROM WHITE SPRUCE (PICEA GLAUCA (MOENCH) VOSS)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from white spruce wood contained D-galactose, L-arabinose, and D-xylose in a molar ratio of 21:3:1. Hydrolysis of the fully methylated polysaccharide yielded 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabinose (12 moles); 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose (29 moles); 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-galactose (34 moles); 2,6-di-O-methyl-D-galactose (0.5 moles); 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-galactose (45 moles); 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-xylose (5 moles); and monomethyl xylose (1 mole). When oxidized by periodate the polysaccharide consumed 1.18 moles of oxidant, and yielded 0.56 moles of formic acid per mole of anhydro-D-galactose. The D-xylose was attributed to the presence of a xylan mixed with the arabogalactan in the original polysaccharide preparation. The methylation and periodate oxidation data showed that the arabogalactan possessed a highly branched structure with the anhydro-D-galactose units being joined by 1 → 3 and 1 → 6 glycosidic bonds. All of the L-arabinose was present in the furanoside form as non-reducing terminal units.

Isolation of One Strain for Biodegradation of Diesel Fuel from Sea Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2424-2427
Author(s):  
Pei Pei Han ◽  
Ping Zhe Jiang ◽  
Xiang He Liu ◽  
Hong Yi Huang ◽  
Wen Qian Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis

Four diesel fuel degrading microorganisms were isolated from soil and sea water from Crude Oil Terminal at Tianjin Port using diesel fuel as sole carbon source, and they all could degrade diesel fuel. The initial diesel fuel concentration in the culture medium was optimized and was 1.5 g/L. The ability of the four strains to degrade diesel was compared by spectrophotometer with the initial diesel concentration at 1.5 g/L. The results showed that the strain C1 had the highest degrading activity, which could degrade 32.59% of diesel in 7 days. The strain C1 was further identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Rhodococcus erythropolis, and the phylogenetic tree of the strain C1 was constructed.

scholarly journals Production of laccases, cellulases and xylanases of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in liquid-state fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Edna María Hernández-Domínguez ◽  
Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Gerardo Díaz-Godínez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The Third

In this study, activities of laccases, xylanases and cellulases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid-state fermentation were evaluated. Three fermentations were done by triplicate where the carbon source was changed, one was made with glucose, in another was used carboxymethylcellulose and xylan and in the third the three carbon sources were added, in all cases, copper was added as inducer of laccases. The kinetic parameters of growth of the fungus were obtained. It was observed that this fungus produced the three enzymes evaluated; laccases showed the highest values (34,240 U/L) in the culture medium with glucose as sole carbon source. Cellulases showed their highest activity in the culture medium with xylan and carboxymethylcellulose (12,858 U/L) and xylanases in medium with glucose, carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan (27,153 U/L). Up to 4 isoform of laccases, 2 of xylanase and 2 of cellulases were observed by zymography.

Degradation of Anilide Herbicides by Propham-Adapted Microorganisms

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Mcclure
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Biological Stability ◽  
Metabolic Degradation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A mixture of microorganisms cultured under nonsterile conditions on propham (isopropyl carbanilate) herbicide as the sole carbon source was tested for its ability to degrade a number of chlorinated and nonchlorinated anilide compounds. In separate tests under pure-culture conditions, species of the microbial mixture reacted individually in a manner similar to the nonsterile whole. The microorganisms grew and respired rapidly on nonchlorinated anilides, but ring chlorination depressed respiration and inhibited growth. Studies on the dimethylphenylureas indicated that the two methyl groups were primarily responsible for the biological stability of these compounds. All other anilides were degraded by hydrolysis of the side chain followed by metabolic degradation of the ring. Appearance of aniline in the medium depended on the relative rates of production by side chain hydrolysis and disappearance by ring degradation. Acylanilides were hydrolyzed more rapidly than carbanilates and chlorinated rings were degraded much more slowly than unchlorinated rings. Chlorination affected rates of ring degradation and microbial respiration in the following order (most rapid to least rapid): 0 > 2,4 > 2,4,5 > 3 > 4 ≥ 3,4. It is proposed that this unexpected degradative sequence might be explained in terms of the degree of microbial toxicity in the system generated by the formation of chloroazobenzenes from chloroaniline intermediates.

THE MICROBIAL METABOLISM OF CINNAMIC ACID

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Blakley ◽  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Phenylpropionic Acid ◽  
Sequential Induction

A strain of Pseudomanas isolated from soil with cinnamic acid as a sole carbon source was found to be simultaneously adapted to the utilization of cinnamic acid and phenylpropionic acid. During growth on either of these compounds, o-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid were produced in the culture medium. The organism, when grown on either cinnamic acid or phenylpropionic acid, was adapted to the utilization of m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, but not to the utilization of o-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid. According to the principle of sequential induction introduced by Stanier, the initial steps in the metabolism of cinnamic acid appear to involve the intermediates phenylpropionic acid, m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid.

CONSTITUTION OF THE GALACTOMANNAN FROM THE KERNEL OF GREEN PALMYRA PALM NUT (BORASSUS FLABELLIFER LINN.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1408-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Mukherjee ◽  
D. Choudhury ◽  
P. Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the kernel of green palmyra palm nut (Borassusflabellifer Linn.) was shown to be composed of D-galactose and D-mannose in the proportion of 1:2.4. Hydrolysis of the fully methylated galactomannan yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-galactose, 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-mannose, and 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:1.4:0.95. Partial hydrolysis of the galactomannan afforded 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-D-mannose, 6-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-D-mannose, and two trisaccharides. Based on these results a structural formula for the galactomannan has been proposed, additional evidence for which was adduced from periodate-oxidation studies.

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