Effect of association in the vapour phase on the value of activity coefficient

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Malijevská
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Vapour Phase

The relations were obtained between the thermodynamically consistent activity coefficient of associating component and the activity coefficient calculated irrespective of the association in the vapour phase. The analysis is limited to binary systems with one associating component and is given for the two cases: (a) the associating component dimerizes only, (b) the associating component forms, in addition to a dimer, one higher associate, too.

Sorption and Transport of Species in Silicalite Study of Binary Systems Containing Iodine

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Masařík ◽  
Pavel Novák ◽  
Arlette Zikánová ◽  
Jan Kornatowski ◽  
Jaroslav Maixner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Diffusion Experiment ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Pore Mouth ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Counter Diffusion

Sorption of iodine from both the vapour phase and iodine solutions in organic solvents on large Silicalite-1 crystals was investigated. The single component sorption of iodine and sorption from binary mixtures under co-diffusion conditions led to a uniform colouring of the crystals. Under counter-diffusion conditions with crystals saturated initially with vapour of a selected solvent, the sorption kinetics of iodine was 2 or 3 orders of magnitude slower as compared with the corresponding co-diffusion experiment. Colouring of crystals was always, at least in its initial stage, non-uniform with visualized pyramids at crystal basal planes. This finding together with the nature of outer and inner crystal morphology suggests that our Silicalite-1 crystals are 90°-intergrowths which have only pore mouth openings of sinusoidal channels in the crystal surface. The process of crystal colouring under counter-diffusion conditions seems to proceed via diffusion along the boundaries of crystal sections.

The determination of heats of mixing

1952 ◽  
Vol 212 (1110) ◽  
pp. 406-425 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Heats Of Mixing ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Improved Accuracy

A calorimeter has been designed for measuring the heats of mixing of binary liquid systems, which eliminates the need to correct for changes in the composition of the vapour phase on mixing. Improved accuracy has thus been obtained. Heats of mixing have been measured for the three binary systems formed from the three components carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and methylene chloride, and also for the systems benzene + carbon tetrachloride and benzene + ethylene dichloride. Reports that the last system is ideal have been disproved.

scholarly journals High-temperature spectrophotometry of indium chloride vapours as a method of study of the In – Se system

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-495
Author(s):  
Nikolay Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
Andrey V. Kosyakov ◽  
Anastasia V. Steich ◽  
Alexander Yu. Zavrazhnov
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Indium Chloride ◽  
Component Method ◽  
Auxiliary Component ◽  
Temperature Dependences

The goals of this work are as follows: (а) searching for a method of study of the In – Se system taking into account the specified problems and difficulties, (b) choosing a way for the instrumental implementation of this method, and (c) obtaining experimental evidence that this method and its implementation are promising. The choice of the In – Se system is related to the fact that indium selenides, layered structures and semiconductor phases with stoichiometric vacancies, are promising from the point of view of materials science. This choice is also related to the use of binary precursors for the synthesis of heterostructures based on CIS compounds.We studied the possibility of applying the auxiliary component method using the equilibrium with the participation of indium chloride vapours which were made to contact the condensed phases of the In – Se system. Equilibrium was achieved using high-temperature spectrophotometry of the vapour phase. The experiment had two stages. During the first stage we determined the absorption characteristics of the InCl3 vapour. During the second stage we studied the heterogeneous equilibrium of the unsaturated indium chloride vapour with several phases of the In – Se system. Over the course of the study, we determined the molar attenuation coefficients of the InCl3 vapour and plotted the temperature dependences of the value KP.It was found that the phase composition of the alloys significantly influences the position of the corresponding lines on the KP–T diagram, which proves the possibility of using the suggested auxiliary component method in its specific instrumental (spectrophotometric) implementation in order to study the In – Se system. We also showed the additional possibilities of using this method for plotting T-x diagrams of binary systems in such high-temperature areas where the binary solid phase is in equilibrium with the melt. This application of the method is related to the solubility of a vapour of an auxiliary component (chlorine in the form of indium chlorides) in the melts of binary phases (indium selenides).

Vapour phase composition and activities for the molten PbCl2 + NaCl system

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
SR Richards ◽  
DJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regular Solutions ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Transpiration Method ◽  
Alkali Chlorides ◽  
The Enthalpy Of Formation

Vapour pressures of molten PbCl2 + NaCl mixtures have been measured a.t 1071 K by a transpiration method. The vapours have also been investigated by mass spectrometry and the complex NaPbCl3 has been established. The enthalpy of formation of this complex from NaCl(g) and PbCl2(g) has been determined and the equilibrium constant for its formation has been estimated. Enthalpies of vaporization of NaCl and PbC12 and the enthalpy of dimerization of NaCl(g) agree with published results. The mass spectrometry results have enabled corrections to be made to measured activities of PbCl2 from the transpiration results, for errors due to the NaPbCl3 complexes. The activity values so determined are compared with those for other molten binary systems involving lead and alkali chlorides. The PbCl2 + NaCl system (like the other PbCl2 + alkali chloride systems except PbCl2 + LiCl) does not behave as regular solutions.

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