Biological decomposability of surface-active alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 4083-4088 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pitter
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Surface Active

The Impact of Bioconjugation on the Interfacial Activity of a Protein Biosurfactant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam H Tayeb ◽  
Marina Stienecker ◽  
Anton Middelberg ◽  
Frank Sainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Impact

Biosurfactants, are surface active molecules that can be produced by renewable, industrially scalable biologic processes. DAMP4, a designer biosurfactant, enables the modification of interfaces via genetic or chemical fusion to functional moieties. However, bioconjugation of addressable amines introduces heterogeneity that limits the precision of functionalization as well as the resolution of interfacial characterization. Here we designed DAMP4 variants with cysteine point mutations to allow for site-specific bioconjugation. The DAMP4 variants were shown to retain the structural stability and interfacial activity characteristic of the parent molecule, while permitting efficient and specific conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGylation results in a considerable reduction on the interfacial activity of both single and double mutants. Comparison of conjugates with one or two conjugation sites shows that both the number of conjugates as well as the mass of conjugated material impacts the interfacial activity of DAMP4. As a result, the ability of DAMP4 variants with multiple PEG conjugates to impart colloidal stability on peptide-stabilized emulsions is reduced. We suggest that this is due to constraints on the structure of amphiphilic helices at the interface. Specific and efficient bioconjugation permits the exploration and investigation of the interfacial properties of designer protein biosurfactants with molecular precision. Our findings should therefore inform the design and modification of biosurfactants for their increasing use in industrial processes, and nutritional and pharmaceutical formulations.

A One-Step Synthesis of Monoprotected Polyethylene Glycol Ethers

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (18) ◽  
pp. 5843-5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal N. Reed ◽  
Kim D. Janda
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
One Step

scholarly journals Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Evidence for the Diborohydride Ion in Polyethylene Glycol Ethers

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 202 (4927) ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. DUKE ◽  
O. W. HOWARTH ◽  
J. G. KENWORTHY
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

scholarly journals Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-2, -3, -5, -10, -15, and -20 Cocamine1

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations

The PEGs Cocamine are the polyethylene glycol ethers of the primary aliphatic amine derived from coconut oil. These ingredients are used in cosmetic formulations as surfactants which function as emulsifying and solubilizing agents. Very little data were available on metabolism and toxicity, and no clinical data were found or provided. Toxicity data, including reproductive and developmental toxicity, carcinogenesis data, and clinical testing data available from previous safety assessments on Polyethylene Glycol and Coconut Oil were summarized. The principal finding related to PEGs was based on clinical data in burn patients; PEGs were mild irritant/sensitizers and there was evidence of nephrotoxicity. No such effects were seen in animal studies on intact skin. Cosmetic manufacturers should adjust product formulations containing Polyethylene Glycol to minimize any untoward effects when products are used on damaged skin. Various PEGs Cocamine were found to be mild to moderate skin irritants and were ocular irritants. PEG-15 Cocamine was negative in bacterial mutagenicity studies. Although metabolites of ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers are reproductive and developmental toxins, it was considered unlikely that the relevant metabolites would be found in or produced from the use of PEGs Cocamine in cosmetic formulations. Of concern was the possible presence of 1,4-dioxane and ethylene oxide impurities. The importance of using the necessary purification procedures to remove these impurities was stressed. The limited data on PEGs Cocamine and the related data on other ingredients, however, were not sufficient to support the safety of PEGs Cocamine for use in cosmetic formulations. Additional data needs include: (1) physical and chemical properties, including impurities, and especially nitrosamines; (2) genotoxicity in a mammalian system; if the results are positive, then a dermal carcinogenesis study using National Toxicology Program (NTP) methods may be needed; (3) 28-day dermal toxicity using PEG-2 Cocamine; and (4) dermal sensitization data on PEG-2 Cocamine.

Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide in Polyethylene Glycol Ethers

2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Henni ◽  
Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikul ◽  
Amit Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Ethers
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document