scholarly journals Reconstructing flood basalt lava flows in three dimensions using terrestrial laser scanning

Geosphere ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Nelson ◽  
D. A. Jerram ◽  
R. W. Hobbs ◽  
R. Terrington ◽  
H. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Basalt Lava

scholarly journals Coupling Terrestrial Laser Scanning with 3D Fuel Biomass Sampling for Advancing Wildland Fuels Characterization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Rowell ◽  
E. Louise Loudermilk ◽  
Christie Hawley ◽  
Scott Pokswinski ◽  
Carl Seielstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Volume Porosity

AbstractThe spatial pattern of surface fuelbeds in fire-dependent ecosystems are rarely captured using long-standing fuel sampling methods. New techniques, both field sampling and remote sensing, that capture vegetation fuel type, biomass, and volume at super fine-scales (cm to dm) in three-dimensions (3D) are critical to advancing forest fuel and wildland fire science. This is particularly true for computational fluid dynamics fire behavior models that operate in 3D and have implications for wildland fire operations and fire effects research. This study describes the coupling of new 3D field sampling data with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data to infer fine-scale fuel mass in 3D. We found that there are strong relationships between fine-scale mass and TLS occupied volume, porosity, and surface area, which were used to develop fine-scale prediction equations using TLS across vegetative fuel types, namely grasses and shrubs. The application of this novel 3D sampling technique to high resolution TLS data in this study represents a major advancement in understanding fire-vegetation feedbacks in highly managed fire-dependent ecosystems.

scholarly journals Thickness Characteristics of Pāhoehoe Lavas in the Deccan Province, Western Ghats, India, and in Continental Flood Basalt Provinces Elsewhere

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Self ◽  
Tushar Mittal ◽  
Anne Elizabeth Jay
Keyword(s):  
Columbia River ◽  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Basalt Lava ◽  
Continental Flood Basalt ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Simple Flows ◽  
Lava Morphology ◽  
Central Atlantic

Constraining the eruption rates of flood basalt lava flows remains a significant challenge despite decades of work. One potential observable proxy for eruption rates is flood basalt lava-flow lobe thicknesses, a topic that we tackle here quantitatively. In this study, we provide the first global compilation of pāhoehoe lava-lobe thicknesses from various continental flood basalt provinces (∼ 3,800 measurements) to compare characteristic thicknesses within and between provinces. We refer to thin lobes (∼ ≤5 m), characteristic of “compound” lavas, as hummocky pāhoehoe lava flows or flow-fields. Conversely, we term thicker lobes, characteristic of “simple” flows, as coming from sheet-lobe-dominated flows. Data from the Deccan Traps and Columbia River flood-basalt provinces are archetypal since they have the most consistent datasets as well as established chemo- and litho-stratigraphies. Examining Deccan lobe thicknesses, we find that previously suggested (and disputed) distinct temporal and regional distributions of hummocky pāhoehoe and sheet-lobe-dominated flow fields are not strongly supported by the data and that each geochemically defined formation displays both lobe types in varying amounts. Thin flow-lobes do not appear to indicate proximity to source. The modal lobe thickness of Deccan formations with abundant “thin” lava-lobes is 8 m, while the mode for sheet-lobe-dominated formations is only 17 m. Sheet-lobes up to 75–80 m are rare in the Deccan and Columbia River Provinces, and ones >100 m are exceptional globally. For other flood basalt provinces, modal thickness plots show a prevalence toward similar lobe thicknesses to Deccan, with many provinces having some or most lobes in the 5–8 m modal range. However, median values are generally thicker, in the 8–12 m range, suggesting that sheet-lobes dominate. By contrast, lobes from non-flood basalt flow-fields (e.g., Hawai’i, Snake River Plain) show distinctly thinner modes, sub-5 m. Our results provide a quantitative basis to ascertain variations in gross lava morphology and, perhaps, this will in future be related to emplacement dynamics of different flood basalt provinces, or parts thereof. We can also systematically distinguish outlier lobes (or regions) from typical lobes in a province, e.g., North American Central Atlantic Magmatic Province lava-lobes are anomalously thick and are closely related to feeder-intrusions, thus enabling a better understanding of conditions required to produce large-volume, thick, flood basalt lava-lobes and flows.

scholarly journals Four Dimensional Mapping of Vegetation Moisture Content Using Dual-Wavelength Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elsherif ◽  
Rachel Gaulton ◽  
Jon Mills
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Equivalent Water Thickness ◽  
Vertical Heterogeneity

Recently, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has shown potential in measuring vegetation biochemical traits in three dimensions (3D) by using reflectance derived from backscattered intensity data. The 3D estimates can provide information about the vertical heterogeneity of canopy biochemical traits which affects canopy reflectance but cannot be measured from spaceborne and airborne optical remote sensing data. Leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT), a metric widely used in vegetation health monitoring, has been successfully linked to the normalized difference index (NDI) of near and shortwave infrared wavelengths at the leaf level. However, only two previous studies have linked EWT to NDI at the canopy level in field campaigns. In this study, an NDI consisting of 808 and 1550 nm wavelengths was used to generate 3D EWT estimates at the canopy level in a broadleaf mixed-species tree plot during and after a heatwave. The relative error in EWT estimates was 6% across four different species. Temporal changes in EWT were measured, and the accuracy varied between trees, a factor of the errors in EWT estimates on both dates. Vertical profiles of EWT were generated for six trees and showed vertical heterogeneity and variation between species. The change in EWT vertical profiles during and after the heatwave differed between trees, demonstrating that trees reacted in different ways to the drought condition.

scholarly journals BOAT-BASED MOBILE LASER SCANNING FOR SHORELINE MONITORING OF LARGE LAKES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2021 ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
D. Schneider ◽  
R. Blaskow
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Protection Measures

Abstract. In many applications, it is necessary to measure the shore areas of water bodies in three dimensions, for example for the planning of shore protection measures or regularly for water body monitoring. The complete recording of long shorelines can be very time-consuming with conventional methods. This paper presents the surveying of two lakes using a mobile laser scanner system. In order to close non-visible areas, the measurement was supplemented with terrestrial laser scanning and with UAV-supported photogrammetric methods. The result is an almost complete point cloud of the shoreline, each more than 8 km long, with a point spacing of a few millimetres.

Recycling of Flow-Top Breccia Crusts into Molten Interiors of Flood Basalt Lava Flows: Field and Geochemical Evidence from the Deccan Traps

2010 ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetu C. Sheth ◽  
Jyotiranjan S. Ray ◽  
P. Senthil Kumar ◽  
Raymond A. Duraiswami ◽  
Rudra Narayan Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Basalt ◽  
Deccan Traps ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Basalt Lava ◽  
Geochemical Evidence
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