scholarly journals Multiple branching and attachment structures in cloudinomorphs, Nama Group, Namibia

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Shore ◽  
Rachel Wood ◽  
Andrew Curtis ◽  
Frederick Bowyer
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Benthic Ecology ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinity ◽  
Skeletal Structures ◽  
Attachment Structures ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Abstract The Ediacaran-Cambrian cloudinomorphs, which include Cloudina, are the first putative skeletal metazoans. They have a benthic ecology and tubular, organic, or biomineralized stacked funnel morphologies but an unresolved phylogenetic affinity. Rare dichotomous branching has been described in Cloudina, but here we demonstrate the presence of multiple (polytomous), dichotomous branching in cloudinomorphs from a microbial mat community from the Nama Group, Namibia, as revealed by three-dimensional models created from serial sections. Branches share an open, central cavity, and branching is achieved via external budding. These cloudinomorphs show attachment and mutual cementation to each other, and also to Namacalathus, via extratubular skeletal structures to potentially form a horizontal framework. Polytomous branching excludes a bilaterian affinity as proposed for other cloudinomorphs. This raises the possibility that the Ediacaran tubular, funnel morphology is convergent, and that cloudinomorphs may, in fact, represent taxa of diverse affinity.

scholarly journals Capillary networks and follicular marginal zones in human spleens. Three-dimensional models based on immunostained serial sections

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e0191019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte S. Steiniger ◽  
Christine Ulrich ◽  
Moritz Berthold ◽  
Michael Guthe ◽  
Oleg Lobachev
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Capillary Networks ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Marginal Zones

Plastic replicas as three-dimensional models of pulps

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 544-546
Author(s):  
HL Wakkerman ◽  
GS The ◽  
AJ Spanauf
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

In Silico Identification and Molecular Characterization of Extracellular Cathepsin L Proteases from Giardia duodenalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Durán-Pérez ◽  
José G. Rendón-Maldonado ◽  
Lucio de Jesús Hernandez-Diaz ◽  
Annete I. Apodaca-Medina ◽  
Maribel Jiménez-Edeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
In Silico Identification ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Background: The protozoan Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis, is an intestinal parasite that commonly affects humans, mainly pre-school children. Although there are asymptomatic cases, the main clinical features are chronic and acute diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption syndrome. Little is currently known about the virulence of the parasite, but some cases of chronic gastrointestinal alterations post-infection have been reported even when the infection was asymptomatic, suggesting that the cathepsin L proteases of the parasite may be involved in the damage at the level of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Objective: The aim of this study was the in silico identification and characterization of extracellular cathepsin L proteases in the proteome of G. duodenalis. Methods: The NP_001903 sequence of cathepsin L protease from Homo sapienswas searched against the Giardia duodenalisproteome. The subcellular localization of Giardia duodenaliscathepsin L proteases was performed in the DeepLoc-1.0 server. The construction of a phylogenetic tree of the extracellular proteins was carried out using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software (MEGA X). The Robetta server was used for the construction of the three-dimensional models. The search for possible inhibitors of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases of Giardia duodenaliswas performed by entering the three-dimensional structures in the FINDSITEcomb drug discovery tool. Results: Based on the amino acid sequence of cathepsin L from Homo sapiens, 8 protein sequences were identified that have in their modular structure the Pept_C1A domain characteristic of cathepsins and two of these proteins (XP_001704423 and XP_001704424) are located extracellularly. Threedimensional models were designed for both extracellular proteins and several inhibitory ligands with a score greater than 0.9 were identified. In vitrostudies are required to corroborate if these two extracellular proteins play a role in the virulence of Giardia duodenalisand to discover ligands that may be useful as therapeutic targets that interfere in the mechanism of pathogenesis generated by the parasite. Conclusion: In silicoanalysis identified two proteins in the Giardia duodenalisprotein repertoire whose characteristics allowed them to be classified as cathepsin L proteases, which may be secreted into the extracellular medium to act as virulence factors. Three-dimensional models of both proteins allowed the identification of inhibitory ligands with a high score. The results suggest that administration of those compounds might be used to block the endopeptidase activity of the extracellular cathepsin L proteases, interfering with the mechanisms of pathogenesis of the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis.

Re: development of in-house rapid manufacturing of three-dimensional models in maxillofacial surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Eley ◽  
Robin Richards ◽  
Dermot Dobson ◽  
Alf Linney ◽  
Stephen R. Watt-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rapid Manufacturing ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models
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