DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN TERRESTRIAL AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE CM2 AGUAS ZARCAS CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTRINSIC ORGANIC MATTER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libby Tunney ◽  
◽  
Patrick J.A. Hill ◽  
Christopher Herd ◽  
Robert W. Hilts
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite

METHODS FOR DETERMINING ORGANIC MATTER AND COLOUR IN WATER

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ramunė Albrektienė ◽  
Mindaugas Rimeika
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Humic Matter ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Start Up

The article examines different methods for determining organic matter and colour in water. Most of organic compounds in water have a humic substance. These substances frequently form complexes with iron. Humic matter gives water a yellow-brownish colour. Water filtration through conventional sand filters does not remove colour and organic compounds, and therefore complicated water treatment methods shall be applied. The methods utilized for organic matter determination in water included research on total organic carbon, permanganate index and the bichromate number of UV absorption of 254 nm wave length. The obtained results showed the greatest dependence between water colour and permanganate index. However, UV adsorption could be used for organic matter determination during the operation of a water treatment plant and the start-up of plants as easy and fast methods.

Evaluation of wastewater characterization methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-H. Choi ◽  
B. Klapwijk ◽  
A. Mels ◽  
H. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
The Difference

Wastewater contains various organic components with different physical and biochemical characteristics. ASM No. 1 distinguishes two categories of biodegradable organic matter in wastewater, rapidly and slowly biodegradable. In general there are two methods for wastewater characterization: based on filtration in combination with a long-term BOD test or based on a respirogram. By comparing both approaches, we showed that in wastewater three categories of organic compounds with different biodegradation rates can be distinguished. These categories are referred to as readily biodegradable, rapidly hydrolysable and slowly hydrolysable organic matter. The total biodegradable COD can be found from a long-term BOD-test combined with a curve-fit and the readily biodegradable and rapidly hydrolysable from a respirogram. The slowly hydrolysable is the difference between total biodegradable COD and the sum of readily biodegradable and rapidly hydrolysable COD. Simulation with characterization based on filtration for a pre-anoxic reactor with a certain N-removal compared with the N-removal of the same plant with wastewater according to the modified characterization shows different results of each wastewater, especially with regard to the effluent nitrate concentration.

scholarly journals Abiotic Synthesis of Methane and Organic Compounds in Earth’s Lithosphere

Elements ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoghan P. Reeves ◽  
Jens Fiebig
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Laboratory Simulations ◽  
Abiotic Synthesis ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence

Accumulation of molecular hydrogen in geologic systems can create conditions energetically favorable to transform inorganic carbon into methane and other organic compounds. Although hydrocarbons with a potentially abiotic origin have been proposed to form in a number of crustal settings, the ubiquitous presence of organic compounds derived from biological organic matter presents a challenge for unambiguously identifying abiotic organic molecules. In recent years, extensive analysis of methane and other organics in diverse geologic fluids, combined with novel isotope analyses and laboratory simulations, have, however, yielded insights into the distribution of specific abiotic organic molecules in Earth’s lithosphere and the likely conditions and pathways under which they form.

The effects of varying the nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus content of organic matter on its decomposition

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Phosphorus Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

The decomposition of a mixture of organic compounds was studied by measuring the evolution of carbon dioxide, and changes in the concentration of ammonium, sulphate, and phosphate. In one experiment the nitrogen supply was varied by varying the proportion of glycine in the mixture of organic compounds; in another the sulphur supply was varied by varying the proportion of cysteine; and in a third the phosphorus supply was varied by varying the proportion of sodium ß-glycerophosphate. Mineralization of an element depended on the concentration of that element in the organic mixture. Mineralization of nitrogen did not occur until respiration had lowered the carbon/nitrogen ratio to about 5 and mineralization of sulphur did not occur until respiration had lowered the carbon/sulphur ratio to about 50. On the other hand mineralization of phosphorus occurred before the carbon/phosphorus ratio had been reduced to any consistent figure. This may not be a characteristic of phosphorus mineralization but may have been caused by suboptimal supply of nitrogen. Mineralization of an element also depended on the concentration of other elements and, in general, reduced supplies of one element caused increased mineralization of others.

scholarly journals Marine organic matter in the remote environment of the Cape Verde islands – an introduction and overview to the MarParCloud campaign

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6921-6951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela van Pinxteren ◽  
Khanneh Wadinga Fomba ◽  
Nadja Triesch ◽  
Christian Stolle ◽  
Oliver Wurl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Cloud Water ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Marine Organic Matter

Abstract. The project MarParCloud (Marine biological production, organic aerosol Particles and marine Clouds: a process chain) aims to improve our understanding of the genesis, modification and impact of marine organic matter (OM) from its biological production, to its export to marine aerosol particles and, finally, to its ability to act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). A field campaign at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the tropics in September–October 2017 formed the core of this project that was jointly performed with the project MARSU (MARine atmospheric Science Unravelled). A suite of chemical, physical, biological and meteorological techniques was applied, and comprehensive measurements of bulk water, the sea surface microlayer (SML), cloud water and ambient aerosol particles collected at a ground-based and a mountain station took place. Key variables comprised the chemical characterization of the atmospherically relevant OM components in the ocean and the atmosphere as well as measurements of INPs and CCN. Moreover, bacterial cell counts, mercury species and trace gases were analyzed. To interpret the results, the measurements were accompanied by various auxiliary parameters such as air mass back-trajectory analysis, vertical atmospheric profile analysis, cloud observations and pigment measurements in seawater. Additional modeling studies supported the experimental analysis. During the campaign, the CVAO exhibited marine air masses with low and partly moderate dust influences. The marine boundary layer was well mixed as indicated by an almost uniform particle number size distribution within the boundary layer. Lipid biomarkers were present in the aerosol particles in typical concentrations of marine background conditions. Accumulation- and coarse-mode particles served as CCN and were efficiently transferred to the cloud water. The ascent of ocean-derived compounds, such as sea salt and sugar-like compounds, to the cloud level, as derived from chemical analysis and atmospheric transfer modeling results, denotes an influence of marine emissions on cloud formation. Organic nitrogen compounds (free amino acids) were enriched by several orders of magnitude in submicron aerosol particles and in cloud water compared to seawater. However, INP measurements also indicated a significant contribution of other non-marine sources to the local INP concentration, as (biologically active) INPs were mainly present in supermicron aerosol particles that are not suggested to undergo strong enrichment during ocean–atmosphere transfer. In addition, the number of CCN at the supersaturation of 0.30 % was about 2.5 times higher during dust periods compared to marine periods. Lipids, sugar-like compounds, UV-absorbing (UV: ultraviolet) humic-like substances and low-molecular-weight neutral components were important organic compounds in the seawater, and highly surface-active lipids were enriched within the SML. The selective enrichment of specific organic compounds in the SML needs to be studied in further detail and implemented in an OM source function for emission modeling to better understand transfer patterns, the mechanisms of marine OM transformation in the atmosphere and the role of additional sources. In summary, when looking at particulate mass, we see oceanic compounds transferred to the atmospheric aerosol and to the cloud level, while from a perspective of particle number concentrations, sea spray aerosol (i.e., primary marine aerosol) contributions to both CCN and INPs are rather limited.

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