Reply to comments by MacIntyre and Smith on: Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil-organic matter and water

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary T. Chiou ◽  
Paul E. Porter ◽  
Thomas D. Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds

Spatial Arrangement of Organic Compounds on a Model Mineral Surface: Implications for Soil Organic Matter Stabilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loukas Petridis ◽  
Haile Ambaye ◽  
Sindhu Jagadamma ◽  
S. Michael Kilbey ◽  
Bradley S. Lokitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Organic Matter Stabilization

scholarly journals Organic nitrogen storage in mineral soil: implications for policy and management

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bingham ◽  
M. F. Cotrufo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Long Term Storage

Abstract. Nitrogen is one of the most important ecosystem nutrients and often its availability limits net primary production as well as stabilization of soil organic matter. The long-term storage of nitrogen-containing organic matter in soils was classically attributed to chemical complexity of plant and microbial residues that retarded microbial degradation. Recent advances have revised this framework, with the understanding that persistent soil organic matter consists largely of chemically labile, microbially processed organic compounds. Chemical bonding to minerals and physical protection in aggregates are more important to long-term (i.e., centuries to millennia) preservation of these organic compounds that contain the bulk of soil nitrogen rather than molecular complexity, with the exception of nitrogen in pyrogenic organic matter. This review examines the factors and mechanisms that influence the long-term sequestration of organic nitrogen in mineral soils. It examines the policy and management implications which stem from this newly accepted paradigm, such as critical loads considerations and nitrogen saturation and mitigation consequences. Finally, it emphasizes how essential it is for this important but underappreciated pool to be better quantified and incorporated into policy and management decisions.

Sorption of anthropogenic organic compounds by soil organic matter: a mechanistic consideration

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Subsurface Environments ◽  
Desorption Hysteresis ◽  
Sorption Mechanisms

Sorption experiments with apolar organic compounds (naphthalene and 1,2-dichorobenzene) were conducted to evaluate sorption mechanisms in soil organic matter (SOM). All isotherms were nonlinear and competition between solutes was observed. Nonlinearity and competition increased in an order of peat humic acid (HA) < peat < peat humin. Isotherms of Al-saturated HA (Al-HA) were more nonlinear than untreated HA and Ca-HA, and sorption/desorption hysteresis occurred only in Al-HA. These results are not consistent with partitioning theory or the presence of high-surface-area carbonaceous materials (HSACM) in soil. But the results are consistent with dual-mode sorption, where SOM is postulated to have both condensed (rigid) and expanded (flexible) domains, and adsorption takes place only in the condensed domains and partitioning in both domains. These non-ideal sorptive behaviors need to be incorporated into predictive models to more accurately describe the fate and transport of organics in soil and subsurface environments. Key words: sorption, organic compounds, organic matter, dual-mode, partition, mechanisms

Partition equilibriums of nonionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary T. Chiou ◽  
Paul E. Porter ◽  
David W. Schmedding
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds

scholarly journals Fungi Outcompete Bacteria for Straw and Soil Organic Matter Mineralization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Xiao ◽  
Xunyang He ◽  
Guihong Wang ◽  
Xuechi Xu ◽  
Yajun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Organic Matter Mineralization ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
N Additions

Abstract Background: Understanding the effects of straw return and nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil organic matter (SOM) transformations will help to mitigate climate change and maintain crop production and soil function. A 100-day soil incubation experiment was conducted using a two-factorial design with three fertilization levels and four 13C-labeled maize straw and N addition treatments. The competition and contributions of the bacterial and fungal communities were assessed with relation to straw mineralization.Results: Mineral fertilizer alone and with straw increased straw decomposition by 59% and 55% and SOM mineralization by 27% and 37%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized soil, due to raised β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and cellobiohyrolase activities. Conversely, priming effect was decreased by 59% and 39%, respectively. Priming effect increased with higher N additions and decreased with lower N additions because an improved C:N ratio for microorganisms. Straw additions increased bacterial and fungal abundance by 1.4 and 4.9 times. Fungal diversity decreased with N fertilization because lower C:N ratios increased the bacterial competition. Bacterial abundance decreased but diversity increased with the duration of incubation as bacteria preferred to utilize labile organic compounds abundant in the initial stages. Along with labile organic compounds depletion, fungal abundance was increased. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria bacterial as well as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota fungi dominated straw and SOM decomposition. Firmicutes were mostly involved in straw and SOM mineralization on day one because of their capacity for labile compound decomposition. Integrated co-occurrence networks revealed that fungal taxa had a stronger correlation with straw decomposition than bacterial groups. Straw and N addition increased the number of negative edges among bacterial taxa but these decreased within fungal groups when compared to trials without straw and N. The ratio for pairwise correlations between abundant fungal taxa, straw, and SOM mineralization (29.9%) was greater than with bacteria (1.2%).Conclusions: Straw with low N additions increased soil C sequestration by decreasing priming effect. Straw alone and with N addition decreased competition for C and N among fungal groups, but increased competition within bacterial taxa. Fungi outcompete bacteria for straw and soil organic matter mineralization in long-term fertilized soils.

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