scholarly journals The proximal promoter of the mouse arrestin gene directs gene expression in photoreceptor cells and contains an evolutionarily conserved retinal factor-binding site.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4400-4408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kikuchi ◽  
K Raju ◽  
M L Breitman ◽  
T Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Regulatory sequences and nuclear factors governing tissue-restricted expression of the mouse arrestin gene were investigated. The results showed that while proximal promoter sequence positions -38 to +304 are sufficient to direct low levels of retina-specific gene expression, sequences extending upstream to position -209 support higher levels of expression in the retina, as well as detectable expression in the lens, pineal gland, and brain. Within the interval between positions -209 and -38, a broadly expressed nuclear factor, Bd, binds to sequences centered between positions -205 and -185, a region which contains two direct repeats of the hexamer, TGACCT. The proximal promoter binds three apparently retina-specific nuclear factors, Bp1, Bp2, and Bp3, through overlapping sequences centered between positions -25 and -15. Bp1 and Bp3 also recognize a closely related sequence found in the promoter regions of several other vertebrate photoreceptor-specific genes. Moreover, the consensus binding site for Bp1, designated PCE I, is identical to RCS I, an element known to play a critical role eliciting photoreceptor-specific gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. The results suggest that PCE I and RCS I are functionally as well as structurally similar and that, despite marked differences in the fly and vertebrate visual systems, the transcriptional machinery involved in photoreceptor-specific gene expression has been strongly evolutionarily conserved.

The proximal promoter of the mouse arrestin gene directs gene expression in photoreceptor cells and contains an evolutionarily conserved retinal factor-binding site

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4400-4408
Author(s):  
T Kikuchi ◽  
K Raju ◽  
M L Breitman ◽  
T Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Regulatory sequences and nuclear factors governing tissue-restricted expression of the mouse arrestin gene were investigated. The results showed that while proximal promoter sequence positions -38 to +304 are sufficient to direct low levels of retina-specific gene expression, sequences extending upstream to position -209 support higher levels of expression in the retina, as well as detectable expression in the lens, pineal gland, and brain. Within the interval between positions -209 and -38, a broadly expressed nuclear factor, Bd, binds to sequences centered between positions -205 and -185, a region which contains two direct repeats of the hexamer, TGACCT. The proximal promoter binds three apparently retina-specific nuclear factors, Bp1, Bp2, and Bp3, through overlapping sequences centered between positions -25 and -15. Bp1 and Bp3 also recognize a closely related sequence found in the promoter regions of several other vertebrate photoreceptor-specific genes. Moreover, the consensus binding site for Bp1, designated PCE I, is identical to RCS I, an element known to play a critical role eliciting photoreceptor-specific gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. The results suggest that PCE I and RCS I are functionally as well as structurally similar and that, despite marked differences in the fly and vertebrate visual systems, the transcriptional machinery involved in photoreceptor-specific gene expression has been strongly evolutionarily conserved.

scholarly journals A new function for methyl CpG: Creating a C/EBPα binding site & mediating tissue‐specific gene expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghunath Chatterjee ◽  
Vikas Rishi ◽  
Julian Rozenberg ◽  
Paramita Bhattacharya ◽  
Kimberly Glass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

scholarly journals Functional analysis of the endothelial cell-specific Tie2/Tek promoter identifies unique protein-binding elements

1998 ◽  
Vol 330 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bahaa FADEL ◽  
C. Stephane BOUTET ◽  
Thomas QUERTERMOUS
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

To investigate the molecular basis of endothelial cell-specific gene expression, we have examined the DNA sequences and the cognate DNA-binding proteins that mediate transcription of the murine tie2/tek gene. Reporter transfection experiments conformed with earlier findings in transgenic mice, indicating that the upstream promoter of Tie2/Tek is capable of activating transcription in an endothelial cell-specific fashion. These experiments have also allowed the identification of a single upstream inhibitory region (region I) and two positive regulatory regions (regions U and A) in the proximal promoter. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays have allowed further characterization of three novel DNA-binding sequences associated with these regions and have provided preliminary characterization of the protein factors binding to these elements. Two of the elements (U and A) confer increased transcription on a heterologous promoter, with element U functioning in an endothelial-cell-selective manner. By employing embryonic endothelial-like yolk sac cells in parallel with adult-derived endothelial cells, we have identified differences in functional activity and protein binding that may reflect mechanisms for specifying developmental regulation of tie2/tek expression. Further study of the DNA and protein elements characterized in these experiments is likely to provide new insight into the molecular basis of developmental- and cell-specific gene expression in the endothelium.

scholarly journals Barhl1 Regulatory Sequences Required for Cell-Specific Gene Expression and Autoregulation in the Inner Ear and Central Nervous System

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chellappa ◽  
Shengguo Li ◽  
Sarah Pauley ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Kangxin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Granule Cells ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Specific Gene Expression

ABSTRACT The development of the nervous system requires the concerted actions of multiple transcription factors, yet the molecular events leading to their expression remain poorly understood. Barhl1, a mammalian homeodomain transcription factor of the BarH class, is expressed by developing inner ear hair cells, cerebellar granule cells, precerebellar neurons, and collicular neurons. Targeted gene inactivation has demonstrated a crucial role for Barhl1 in the survival and/or migration of these sensory cells and neurons. Here we report the regulatory sequences of Barhl1 necessary for directing its proper spatiotemporal expression pattern in the inner ear and central nervous system (CNS). Using a transgenic approach, we have found that high-level and cell-specific expression of Barhl1 within the inner ear and CNS depends on both its 5′ promoter and 3′ enhancer sequences. Further transcriptional, binding, and mutational analyses of the 5′ promoter have identified two homeoprotein binding motifs that can be occupied and activated by Barhl1. Moreover, proper Barhl1 expression in inner ear hair cells and cerebellar and precerebellar neurons requires the presence of Atoh1. Together, these data delineate useful Barhl1 regulatory sequences that direct strong and specific gene expression to inner ear hair cells and CNS sensory neurons, establish a role for autoregulation in the maintenance of Barhl1 expression, and identify Atoh1 as a key upstream regulator.

Mesonephric cell migration induces testis cord formation and Sertoli cell differentiation in the mammalian gonad

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (13) ◽  
pp. 2883-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tilmann ◽  
B. Capel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Testis Cord

In mammals a single gene on the Y chromosome, Sry, controls testis formation. One of the earliest effects of Sry expression is the induction of somatic cell migration from the mesonephros into the XY gonad. Here we show that mesonephric cells are required for cord formation and male-specific gene expression in XY gonads in a stage-specific manner. Culturing XX gonads with an XY gonad at their surface, as a ‘sandwich’, resulted in cell migration into the XX tissue. Analysis of sandwich gonads revealed that in the presence of migrating cells, XX gonads organized cord structures and acquired male-specific gene expression patterns. From these results, we conclude that mesonephric cell migration plays a critical role in the formation of testis cords and the differentiation of XY versus XX cell types.

scholarly journals The Role of Forkhead Box A2 to Restrict Androgen-Regulated Gene Expression of Lipocalin 5 in the Mouse Epididymis

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2418-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuping Yu ◽  
Kichiya Suzuki ◽  
Yongqing Wang ◽  
Aparna Gupta ◽  
Renjie Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Transient Transfection ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Promoter Fragment ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Forkhead Box

Abstract Murine epididymal retinoic acid-binding protein [or lipocalin 5 (Lcn5)] is synthesized and secreted by the principal cells of the mouse middle/distal caput epididymidis. A 5-kb promoter fragment of the Lcn5 gene can dictate androgen-dependent and epididymis region-specific gene expression in transgenic mice. Here, we reported that the 1.8-kb Lcn5 promoter confers epididymis region-specific gene expression in transgenic mice. To decipher the mechanism that directs transcription, 14 chimeric constructs that sequentially removed 100 bp of 1.8-kb Lcn5 promoter were generated and transfected into epididymal cells and nonepididymal cells. Transient transfection analysis revealed that 1.3 kb promoter fragment gave the strongest response to androgens. Between the 1.2-kb to 1.3-kb region, two androgen receptor (AR) binding sites were identified. Adjacent to AR binding sites, a Foxa2 [Fox (Forkhead box) subclass A] binding site was confirmed by gel shift assay. Similar Foxa binding sites were also found on the promoters of human and rat Lcn5, indicating the Foxa binding site is conserved among species. We previously reported that among the three members of Foxa family, Foxa1 and Foxa3 were absent in the epididymis whereas Foxa2 was detected in epididymal principal cells. Here, we report that Foxa2 displays a region-specific expression pattern along the epididymis: no staining observed in initial segment, light staining in proximal caput, gradiently heavier staining in middle and distal caput, and strongest staining in corpus and cauda, regions with little or no expression of Lcn5. In transient transfection experiments, Foxa2 expression inhibits AR induction of the Lcn5 promoter, which is consistent with the lack of expression of Lcn5 in the corpus and cauda. We conclude that Foxa2 functions as a repressor that restricts AR regulation of Lcn5 to a segment-specific pattern in the epididymis.

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