scholarly journals Detection of infection or infectious agents by use of cytologic and histologic stains.

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Woods ◽  
D H Walker
Keyword(s):  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Preliminary Information ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Selection Of

A wide variety of stains are useful for detection of different organisms or, for viruses, the cytopathologic changes they induce, in smears prepared directly from clinical specimens and in tissue sections. Other types of stains, such as hematoxylin and eosin, are used routinely to stain tissue sections and are most valuable for assessing the immunologic response of the host to the invading pathogen. In many cases, the pattern of inflammation provides important clues to diagnosis and helps to guide the selection of additional "special" stains used predominantly for diagnosis of infectious diseases. A stain may be nonspecific, allowing detection of a spectrum of organisms, as do the Papanicolaou stain and silver impregnation methods, or detection of only a limited group of organisms, as do the different acid-fast techniques. Some nonspecific stains, such as the Gram stain, are differential and provide valuable preliminary information concerning identification. Immunohistochemical stains, on the other hand, are specific for a particular organism, although in some cases cross-reactions with other organisms occur. Despite the wealth of information that can be gleaned from a stained smear or section of tissue, however, the specific etiology of an infection often cannot be determined on the basis of only the morphology of the organisms seen; culture data are essential and must be considered in the final diagnosis.

scholarly journals Pathological and molecular detection of diseases of cattle at slaughter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Jahan ◽  
T. Ruba ◽  
T. T. Mumu ◽  
M. S. Rana ◽  
M. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Petechial Hemorrhage ◽  
Pcr Technology ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: This study was carried out to identify important zoonotic diseases of beef cattle at slaughter in Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 20 slaughtered cattle of both sexes, different ages and breeds were taken under investigation from Nilphamari, Rajshahi and Mymensingh district, Bangladesh during July to October, 2017. Detailed ante-mortem and post-slaughter lesions were inspected and the tissues from the lungs, liver, kidney and spleen were collected aseptically for histopathological examination. The tissue sections were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, acid fast stain and Gram stain. To detect the presence of specific microorganism in the tissues, the genomic DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. Results: Grossly, liver appeared as most affected organ followed by lungs, kidney and spleen. Wide spread necrosis and pipe steam liver due to fascioliasis (n=4), hydatidosis in lungs (n=3), congestion in the kidney (n=4) and petechial hemorrhage (n=2) in the spleen were the predominant lesions observed in the slaughtered cattle. H&E staining of tissue sections revealed granulomas in two liver and one lungs. Lung section stained with acid fast stain detected the acid fast bacilli in a case. Tissue sections stained with Gram stain showed cocci bacteria in the liver of two cattle. The PCR confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a cattle. Conclusions: Fascioliasis, hydatidosis and important zoonotic disease like tuberculosis are prevalent in the slaughtered cattle in Bangladesh. PCR technology appeared as a sensitive and specific screening test to diagnose tuberculosis. However, screening of large number of samples is necessary to detect the presence of important zoonotic diseases in cattle for safe beef production.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

A combined pseudoreplica-immunocytochemical technique for research and diagnostic virology

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-901
Author(s):  
Blayne Fritz ◽  
Stanley J. Naides ◽  
Kenneth Moore
Keyword(s):  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Specimen Retrieval ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Diagnostic Virology

The pseudoreplica method of staining viral particles for visualization by transmission electron microscopy is a very popular technique. The ability to concentrate clinical specimens while semi-embedding viral particles makes it especially well suited for morphologic and diagnostic virology. Immunolabelling viral particles with colloidal gold is a technique frequently employed by both research and diagnostic virologists. We have characterized a procedure which provides the advantage of both by modifying and combining pseudoreplica staining and immunogold labelling.Modification of specimen retrieval and delay of staining allows us to utilize pseudoreplica processed specimens within our standard immunogold labelling protocol. In brief, we absorbed samples onto 2% agarose, added.25% Formvar and wicked dry. We then floated the Formvar-virus film onto double distilled water, added grids and retrieved with parafilm. The Formvar-virus specimens were then treated as thin tissue sections within our standard two stage immunolabelling protocol. Following completion of immunogold labelling; each grid was negatively stained with phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate contrast stains.

INTERFERENSI GRAMATIKAL DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN BIARKAN AKU MEMULAI KARYA NURUL F. HUDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Zimmatul Liviana
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Ofthe Object ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research grammatical interference in a collection ofshort stories Biarkan Aku Memula iwork Nurul F. Hudaisa collection ofshort storiesset in the back that Is start work Let Nurul F. Huda contains many grammatical interference.The problem of this   study were(1)how   the various morphologi calinterference containedin   a   collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. (2)how the various syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. The purposeof this studyis to describe the morphological and         Syntactic interference contained in a collection of short stories Biarkan Aku Memulai work Nurul F. Huda. Sociolinguistics is the study of language variation and use in society. Interference is the event of the use of language elements of one into the other language elements that occur in the speakers themselves. This research uses descriptive qualitative method because to describe the actual realityin order to obtainan accurateand objective. Qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyzethe elements ofa word orphrase that incorporated elements of other languages with the analysis and description of the formulation of the problem is the answer. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, the determination ofthe object of research, the selection of short stories.Based on the analysis of the data in this study can be found that there are six forms of interference morphology, namely (1) the prefix nasal N-sound, (2) the addition of the suffix, (3) the exchange prefix, (4) exchange suffixes, (5) exchange konfiks, (6) removal affixes. While the syntactic interference only on the words and phrases in a sentence. The results of the study it can be concluded that the interference morphology more common than syntactic interference.

The Propaganda Feedback Loop

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
False Reporting ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
Crowd Out ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter presents a model of the interaction of media outlets, politicians, and the public with an emphasis on the tension between truth-seeking and narratives that confirm partisan identities. This model is used to describe the emergence and mechanics of an insular media ecosystem and how two fundamentally different media ecosystems can coexist. In one, false narratives that reinforce partisan identity not only flourish, but crowd-out true narratives even when these are presented by leading insiders. In the other, false narratives are tested, confronted, and contained by diverse outlets and actors operating in a truth-oriented norms dynamic. Two case studies are analyzed: the first focuses on false reporting on a selection of television networks; the second looks at parallel but politically divergent false rumors—an allegation that Donald Trump raped a 13-yearold and allegations tying Hillary Clinton to pedophilia—and tracks the amplification and resistance these stories faced.

scholarly journals Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Josephine Selvarani Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Mechanical Element ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inverse Hysteresis

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

scholarly journals An Algorithm for Choosing the Optimal Number of Muscle Synergies during Walking

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3311
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ballarini ◽  
Marco Ghislieri ◽  
Marco Knaflitz ◽  
Valentina Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Motor Task ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simulated Dataset ◽  
Muscle Synergies ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Real Dataset ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Semg Signals

In motor control studies, the 90% thresholding of variance accounted for (VAF) is the classical way of selecting the number of muscle synergies expressed during a motor task. However, the adoption of an arbitrary cut-off has evident drawbacks. The aim of this work is to describe and validate an algorithm for choosing the optimal number of muscle synergies (ChoOSyn), which can overcome the limitations of VAF-based methods. The proposed algorithm is built considering the following principles: (1) muscle synergies should be highly consistent during the various motor task epochs (i.e., remaining stable in time), (2) muscle synergies should constitute a base with low intra-level similarity (i.e., to obtain information-rich synergies, avoiding redundancy). The algorithm performances were evaluated against traditional approaches (threshold-VAF at 90% and 95%, elbow-VAF and plateau-VAF), using both a simulated dataset and a real dataset of 20 subjects. The performance evaluation was carried out by analyzing muscle synergies extracted from surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals collected during walking tasks lasting 5 min. On the simulated dataset, ChoOSyn showed comparable performances compared to VAF-based methods, while, in the real dataset, it clearly outperformed the other methods, in terms of the fraction of correct classifications, mean error (ME), and root mean square error (RMSE). The proposed approach may be beneficial to standardize the selection of the number of muscle synergies between different research laboratories, independent of arbitrary thresholds.

scholarly journals PathoFusion: An Open-Source AI Framework for Recognition of Pathomorphological Features and Mapping of Immunohistochemical Data

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Guoqing Bao ◽  
Xiuying Wang ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Christina Loh ◽  
Oreoluwa Daniel Adeyinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Adjacent Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Contextual Feature ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Feature Information ◽  
Software Code

We have developed a platform, termed PathoFusion, which is an integrated system for marking, training, and recognition of pathological features in whole-slide tissue sections. The platform uses a bifocal convolutional neural network (BCNN) which is designed to simultaneously capture both index and contextual feature information from shorter and longer image tiles, respectively. This is analogous to how a microscopist in pathology works, identifying a cancerous morphological feature in the tissue context using first a narrow and then a wider focus, hence bifocal. Adjacent tissue sections obtained from glioblastoma cases were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (CD276) staining. Image tiles cropped from the digitized images based on markings made by a consultant neuropathologist were used to train the BCNN. PathoFusion demonstrated its ability to recognize malignant neuropathological features autonomously and map immunohistochemical data simultaneously. Our experiments show that PathoFusion achieved areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.985 ± 0.011 and 0.988 ± 0.001 in patch-level recognition of six typical pathomorphological features and detection of associated immunoreactivity, respectively. On this basis, the system further correlated CD276 immunoreactivity to abnormal tumor vasculature. Corresponding feature distributions and overlaps were visualized by heatmaps, permitting high-resolution qualitative as well as quantitative morphological analyses for entire histological slides. Recognition of more user-defined pathomorphological features can be added to the system and included in future tissue analyses. Integration of PathoFusion with the day-to-day service workflow of a (neuro)pathology department is a goal. The software code for PathoFusion is made publicly available.

Romance and Latin approaches to word structure features

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Gibert-Sotelo ◽  
Isabel Pujol Payet
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The interest in morphology and its interaction with the other grammatical components has increased in the last twenty years, with new approaches coming into stage so as to get more accurate analyses of the processes involved in morphological construal. This special issue is a valuable contribution to this field of study. It gathers a selection of five papers from the Morphology and Syntax workshop (University of Girona, July 2017) which, on the basis of Romance and Latin phenomena, discuss word structure and its decomposition into hierarchies of features. Even though the papers share a compositional view of lexical items, they adopt different formal theoretical approaches to the lexicon-syntax interface, thus showing the benefit of bearing in mind the possibilities that each framework provides. This introductory paper serves as a guide for the readers of this special collection and offers an overview of the topics dealt in each contribution.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

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