scholarly journals Differential Induction of Complement Fragment C5a and Inflammatory Cytokines during Intramammary Infections withEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Riollet ◽  
Pascal Rainard ◽  
Bernard Poutrel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT The prompt recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection is essential for the defense of the bovine mammary gland against invading pathogens and is determinant for the outcome of the infection.Escherichia coli is known to induce clinical mastitis, characterized by an intense neutrophil recruitment leading to the eradication of the bacteria, whereas Staphylococcus aureusinduces subclinical mastitis accompanied by a moderate neutrophil recruitment and the establishment of chronic mastitis. To elicit the neutrophil recruitment into the udder, inflammatory mediators must be produced after recognition of the invading pathogen. To our knowledge, those mediators have never been studied during S. aureusmastitis, although understanding of the neutrophil recruitment mechanisms could allow a better understanding of the differences in the pathogeneses elicited by E. coli and S. aureus. Therefore, we studied, at several time points, the accumulation of neutrophils and the presence of the chemoattractant complement fragment C5a and of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8 in milk after inoculation of E. colior S. aureus in lactating bovine udders. The low levels of C5a and the absence of cytokines in milk from S. aureus-infected cows, compared to the high levels found in milk from E. coli-infected animals, mirror the differences in the severities of the two inflammatory reactions. The cytokine deficit in milk after S. aureus inoculation in the lactating bovine mammary gland could contribute to the establishment of chronic mastitis. This result could help in the design of preventive or curative strategies against chronic mastitis.

scholarly journals Single Intramammary Infusion of Recombinant Bovine Interleukin-8 at Dry-Off Induces the Prolonged Secretion of Leukocyte Elastase, Inflammatory Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides, and Interleukin-8 in Dairy Cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Watanabe ◽  
Jiro Hirota ◽  
Shinya Shimizu ◽  
Shigeki Inumaru ◽  
Kazuhiro Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Leukocyte Elastase ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Post Infusion

A single intramammary infusion of recombinant bovine interleukin-8 (IL-8) at 50 μg/quarter/head, but not 10 μg/quarter/head, induced clinical mastitis in three of four cows during the dry-off period, resulting in an elevated rectal temperature, redness and swelling of the mammary gland, extensive polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration, and milk clot formation from 1 to 28 days post infusion (PI). In the mammary secretions of the mastitic glands, high levels of IL-8 were sustained from 8 hours to 28 days PI, peaking at 1–3 days PI. The levels of leukocyte-derived elastase and inflammatory 22 and 23 kDa lactoferrin derived peptides (LDP) were also increased in the mammary secretions from the mastitic glands. In addition to the experimentally induced mastitis, the mammary secretions from the glands of cattle with spontaneousStaphylococcus aureusdry-period mastitis displayed milk clot formations and significant increases in their levels of PMNL counts, elastase, LDP, and IL-8, compared with those of the mammary secretions from the uninfected glands. These results suggest that after an intramammary infusion of IL-8 has elicited inflammatory responses, it induces the prolonged secretion of elastase, inflammatory LDP, and IL-8, and that long-lasting IL-8-induced inflammatory reactions are involved in the pathogenesis ofS. aureusdry-period mastitis.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Resistance of the Microbiota of Reproductive Organs and Mammary Gland of Cows to Anti-microbial Agents in Cases of Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Spp

This paper contains the results of complex microbiological studies (culture method, real-time PCR) of biological material from cows affected by inflammatory diseases of reproductive organs and mammary gland. Milk microbiota with underlying subclinical mastitis was represented by pathogenic (S. aureus, enteropathogenic E. coli), opportunistic bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, E. faecium, Streptococcus spp., S. agalactiae, P. aeruginosa) and yeast-like fungi of Candida spp. in association. Combined infectious and inflammatory diseases of genital tract and mammary gland in cows resulted in the same types of microorganisms in microflora composition, which confirms information obtained by other researchers on associated microbiota during inflammatory processes. S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. faecium, E. faecalis, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Bacillus spp., and yeast-like fungi of Candida spp. were obtained from milk samples from cows with acute clinical mastitis and in vaginal washes from cows with acute postpartum endometritis. In the course of defining the sensitivity to antibiotics and identifying genes of antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance was established in most part of obtained strains, which should be taken into account when planning treatment measures.

Bacterial Adherence in Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
M. R. Burrows ◽  
A. J. Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

The possible role of bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in the mouse was examined with four strains of Escherichia coli. Two of these strains had a known adhesion antigen (K88) and two did not. The K88 antigen did not play a significant role in the virulence or infectivity of E. coli either in the murine or bovine mammary gland. Two E. coli strains, W1 (K88+) and J2 (K88−) were virulent in the mouse but did not adhere to epithelial cells. Both these strains produced clinical mastitis in the cow. A third strain, D282 (K88−), produced mild disease in the mouse but was avirulent in the cow. The fourth strain, 233/1D (K88+), was avirulent in both the mouse and the cow. Strains D282 and 233/1D were killed rapidly by bovine serum whilst J2 and W1 were more resistant. All strains were more sensitive than the control resistant strain E. coli P4, which is known to be highly virulent for the lactating udder.

scholarly journals Internal Teat Sealant Administered at Drying off Reduces Intramammary Infections during the Dry and Early Lactation Periods of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Gustavo Freu ◽  
Tiago Tomazi ◽  
Camylla Pedrosa Monteiro ◽  
Melina Melo Barcelos ◽  
Bruna Gomes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Bacteriological Cure ◽  
Intramammary Infections

The effect of an internal teat sealant (ITS) on subsequent infection of the mammary gland was evaluated on the following mammary gland health indicators: (a) bacteriological cure of preexisting intramammary infections at drying off, (b) risk of postpartum new intramammary infections (NIMI), (c) cure and risk of new cases of subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (d) risk of postpartum clinical mastitis (CM). A total of 553 cows during late gestation were randomly assigned into two treatment protocols at drying off: (a) Dry cow therapy with 0.25 g of intramammary anhydrous cefalonium (ADCT; Cepravin®, MSD Animal Health); or (b) ADCT combined with ITS (SDCT; 4 g bismuth subnitrate; Masti-Seal®, MSD Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil). Mammary quarter (MQ) milk samples were collected for microbiological culture and somatic cell count (SCC) at drying off and early lactation, and data from 1756 MQ were used in the multivariate logistic regression. There was no effect on the risk of bacteriological cure, SCM cure, and new cases of postpartum SCM. Still, SDCT reduced the risk of CM up to 60 days postpartum (DPP), overall NIMI risk, and the NIMI caused by major pathogens compared to ADCT. Thus, the DCT combined with ITS at drying off is effective for preventing NIMI during the dry period and CM up to 60 DPP.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in cattle in Algeria: Frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
Djamel Khelef ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cattle in eighteen herds in the center region of Algeria. Milk samples were collected from 560 quarters of 140 cows free of clinical mastitis. The samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) and the positive samples were analysed by bacteriological culture and Speed ​​Mam® Color. The overall quarter prevalence was 28.77% whilst animal prevalence was 28.57%.Bacteriological analysis showed that there was a wide range of bacteria that cause these infections. Staphylococcus aureus (40%) was found to be the most prevalent organism followed by Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Enterobacteriaceae (2.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (2.5%), Staphylococcusaureus + Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Streptococcus spp.+ Escherichia coli (7.5%), S. aureus + Mycoplasma spp.(7.5%), and S. aureus +Streptococcus spp.+ E. coli (5%).

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Parturient Iodine Teat Dip Applications on Modulating Aversive Behaviors and Mastitis in Primiparous Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1623
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Phillips ◽  
Ulrike S. Sorge ◽  
Bradley J. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Teat Dipping

Heifers and their human handlers are at risk for decreased welfare during the early lactation period. This experiment investigated pre-parturient teat dipping and parlor acclimation to reduce mastitis and aversive behaviors in early lactation heifers. Three weeks prior to calving, heifers were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) a weekly 1.0% iodine-based teat dip in the parlor (trained; n = 37) or (2) no treatment (control; n = 30). For the first 3 days of lactation, heifers were milked twice daily, and treatment-blinded handlers assessed behaviors and clinical mastitis. Aseptic quarter milk samples were collected within 36 h of calving and analyzed for pathogens. Control heifers had (OR ± SE) 2.2 ± 0.6 times greater (p < 0.01) odds of kicking during milking. Trained heifers had (OR ± SE) 1.7 ± 0.4 times greater (p = 0.02) odds of being very calm during milking, while control heifers had 2.2 ± 0.8 and 3.8 ± 2.1 times greater (p < 0.04) odds of being restless and very restless or hostile during milking, respectively. Quarters of control heifers had (OR ± SE) 5.4 ± 3.4 greater (p < 0.01) odds of intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infection, yet clinical mastitis was similar among treatments. The results indicate that teat dipping in the parlor weekly for 3 weeks before calving may alleviate some aversive milking behaviors and protect against early lactation S. aureus intramammary infections.

scholarly journals Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽  
Jarosław Bystroń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

scholarly journals An Overview of Specific Pathogens in Goat Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Cristiana Ștefania NOVAC ◽  
Sanda ANDREI ◽  
Nicodim Iosif FIȚ
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infections

Goat milk ranks fourth in terms of global milk production and lately it has become increasingly popular among consumers. Unfortunately, mastitis is one of the most common diseases that affects dairy goats, with serious economic consequences and food safety matters. The prevalence of clinical mastitis is lower than 5% and the main aetiological agent is S. aureus. On the other hand, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is between 5-30%, with coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) representing the most often isolated microorganisms.The aim of this paper is to highlight the main aspects regarding the aetiology of goat mastitis, as well as the importance of the milk somatic cell count (MSCC) in the diagnosis process. Although the inflammation of the mammary gland in goats is not as frequently diagnosed compared to cow mastitis, there are several aspects worth discussing in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of intramammary infections.

Absence of Bacterial Adherence in the Establishment of Experimental Mastitis in Mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Bacterial Adherence ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Suckling Mice

The possibility of adherence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae to the epithelium of the mammary gland was investigated by inoculating them into this gland of mice. S. aureus, S. epidermidis and E. coli did not adhere to alveolar epithelium in suckling or non-suckling mice. S. agalactiae adhered to alveolar epithelium in non-suckling mice but adhesion was not sufficiently strong to withstand suckling. Bacterial adherence probably does not play a significant role in the establishment of mastitis by these organisms.

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