scholarly journals Coupling of Dimethylsulfide Oxidation to Biomass Production by a Marine Flavobacterium

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 3137-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Green ◽  
Damodar M. Shenoy ◽  
Mark C. Hart ◽  
Angela D. Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTDimethylsulfide (DMS) is an important climatically active gas. In the sea, DMS is produced primarily by microbial metabolism of the compatible solute dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Laboratory growth ofBacteroideteswith DMS resulted in its oxidation to dimethyl sulfoxide but only in the presence of glucose. We hypothesized that electrons liberated from sulfur oxidation were used to augment biomass production.

scholarly journals Osmoadaptation Strategy of the Most Halophilic Fungus, Wallemia ichthyophaga, Growing Optimally at Salinities above 15% NaCl

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janja Zajc ◽  
Tina Kogej ◽  
Erwin A. Galinski ◽  
José Ramos ◽  
Nina Gunde-Cimerman
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Optimal Salinity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Optimum Salinity

ABSTRACTWallemia ichthyophagais a fungus from the ancient basidiomycetous genusWallemia(Wallemiales, Wallemiomycetes) that grows only at salinities between 10% (wt/vol) NaCl and saturated NaCl solution. This obligate halophily is unique among fungi. The main goal of this study was to determine the optimal salinity range for growth of the halophilicW. ichthyophagaand to unravel its osmoadaptation strategy. Our results showed that growth on solid growth media was extremely slow and resulted in small colonies. On the other hand, in the liquid batch cultures, the specific growth rates ofW. ichthyophagawere higher, and the biomass production increased with increasing salinities. The optimum salinity range for growth ofW. ichthyophagawas between 15 and 20% (wt/vol) NaCl. At 10% NaCl, the biomass production and the growth rate were by far the lowest among all tested salinities. Furthermore, the cell wall content in the dry biomass was extremely high at salinities above 10%. Our results also showed that glycerol was the major osmotically regulated solute, since its accumulation increased with salinity and was diminished by hypo-osmotic shock. Besides glycerol, smaller amounts of arabitol and trace amounts of mannitol were also detected. In addition,W. ichthyophagamaintained relatively small intracellular amounts of potassium and sodium at constant salinities, but during hyperosmotic shock, the amounts of both cations increased significantly. Given our results and the recent availability of the genome sequence,W. ichthyophagashould become well established as a novel model organism for studies of halophily in eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Use of a duckweed pond for the domestic wastewater polishing in Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina de Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Liliane Lazzari Albertin ◽  
Tsunao Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Domestic Effluent ◽  
Duckweed Pond

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of a duckweed pond in the polishing of a stabilization pond effluent, as well as quantify its biomass production. Once an adequate destination is given to the produced biomass, the wastewater treatment plant can work in a sustainable and integrated way. Design/methodology/approach The duckweed pond consisted of a tank with volume 0.44 m3, operating in continuous flow with an outflow of 0.12 m3/day and hydraulic retention time of 3.8 days. Effluent samples were collected before and after the treatment, with analyzes made: daily-pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature; twice a week – total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD); and weekly – total solids (TS) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5). The duckweeds were collected each for seven days for its production quantification. Findings The highest efficiency of TN, TP, COD, BOD5 and TS removal were of 74.67, 66.18, 88.12, 91.14 and 48.9 percent, respectively. The highest biomass production rate was 10.33 g/m2/day in dry mass. Research limitations/implications There was great variation in biomass production, which may be related to the stabilization pond effluent conditions. The evaluation of the effluent composition, which will be treated with duckweeds, is recommended. Practical implications The evaluated treatment system obtained positive results for the reduction in the analyzed variables concentration, being an efficient technology and with operational simplicity for the domestic effluent polishing. Originality/value The motivation of this work was to bring a simple system of treatment and to give value to a domestic wastewater treatment system in a way that, at the same time the effluent polluter level is reduced and it is also possible to produce biomass during the treatment process.

scholarly journals Uptake of Amino Acids and Their Metabolic Conversion into the Compatible Solute Proline Confers Osmoprotection to Bacillus subtilis

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Zaprasis ◽  
Monika Bleisteiner ◽  
Anne Kerres ◽  
Tamara Hoffmann ◽  
Erhard Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Metabolic Conversion ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Stressed Cells

ABSTRACTThe data presented here reveal a new facet of the physiological adjustment processes through whichBacillus subtiliscan derive osmostress protection. We found that the import of proteogenic (Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn, and Arg) and of nonproteogenic (Orn and Cit) amino acids and their metabolic conversion into proline enhances growth under otherwise osmotically unfavorable conditions. Osmoprotection by amino acids depends on the functioning of the ProJ-ProA-ProH enzymes, but different entry points into this biosynthetic route are used by different amino acids to finally yield the compatible solute proline. Glu, Gln, Asp, and Asn are used to replenish the cellular pool of glutamate, the precursor for proline production, whereas Arg, Orn, and Cit are converted into γ-glutamic semialdehyde/Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, an intermediate in proline biosynthesis. The import of Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn, Arg, Orn, and Cit did not lead to a further increase in the size of the proline pool that is already present in osmotically stressed cells. Hence, our data suggest that osmoprotection ofB. subtilisby this group of amino acids rests on the savings in biosynthetic building blocks and energy that would otherwise have to be devoted either to the synthesis of the proline precursor glutamate or of proline itself. Since glutamate is the direct biosynthetic precursor for proline, we studied its uptake and found that GltT, an Na+-coupled symporter, is the main uptake system for both glutamate and aspartate inB. subtilis. Collectively, our data show how effectivelyB. subtiliscan exploit environmental resources to derive osmotic-stress protection through physiological means.

Evaluating the Potential of Halothiobacillus Bacteria for Sulfur Oxidation and Biomass Production under Saline Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Samira Rezvani Boroujeni ◽  
Mahmoud Kalbasi ◽  
Ahmad Asgharzadeh ◽  
Jila Baharlouei
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation

scholarly journals Metabolism of 2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene) by the Aerobic Bacterium Mycobacterium sp. Strain ELW1

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanthi Kottegoda ◽  
Elizabeth Waligora ◽  
Michael Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Alkene Oxidation

ABSTRACTAn aerobic bacterium (Mycobacteriumsp. strain ELW1) that utilizes 2-methylpropene (isobutylene) as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated and characterized. Strain ELW1 grew on 2-methylpropene (growth rate = 0.05 h−1) with a yield of 0.38 mg (dry weight) mg 2-methylpropene−1. Strain ELW1 also grew more slowly on bothcis- andtrans-2-butene but did not grow on any other C2to C5straight-chain, branched, or chlorinated alkenes tested. Resting 2-methylpropene-grown cells consumed ethene, propene, and 1-butene without a lag phase. Epoxyethane accumulated as the only detected product of ethene oxidation. Both alkene consumption and epoxyethane production were fully inhibited in cells exposed to 1-octyne, suggesting that alkene oxidation is initiated by an alkyne-sensitive, epoxide-generating monooxygenase. Kinetic analyses indicated that 1,2-epoxy-2-methylpropane is rapidly consumed during 2-methylpropene degradation, while 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol is not a significant metabolite of 2-methylpropene catabolism. Degradation of 1,2-epoxy-2-methylpropane by 2-methylpropene-grown cells led to the accumulation and further degradation of 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, two sequential metabolites previously identified in the aerobic microbial metabolism of methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE) andtert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Growth of strain ELW1 on 2-methylpropene, 1,2-epoxy-2-methylpropane, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate was fully inhibited when cobalt ions were omitted from the growth medium, while growth on 3-hydroxybutyrate and other substrates was unaffected by the absence of added cobalt ions. Our results suggest that, like aerobic MTBE- and TBA-metabolizing bacteria, strain ELW1 utilizes a cobalt/cobalamin-dependent mutase to transform 2-hydroxyisobutyrate. Our results have been interpreted in terms of their impact on our understanding of the microbial metabolism of alkenes and ether oxygenates.

scholarly journals Dimethyl Sulfoxide Protects Escherichia coli from Rapid Antimicrobial-Mediated Killing

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 5054-5058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Mi ◽  
Dai Wang ◽  
Yunxin Xue ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACTThe contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to antimicrobial lethality was examined by treatingEscherichia coliwith dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an antioxidant solvent frequently used in antimicrobial studies. DMSO inhibited killing by ampicillin, kanamycin, and two quinolones and had little effect on MICs. DMSO-mediated protection correlated with decreased ROS accumulation and provided evidence for ROS-mediated programmed cell death. These data support the contribution of ROS to antimicrobial lethality and suggest caution when using DMSO-dissolved antimicrobials for short-time killing assays.

scholarly journals Mutations in Novel Lipopolysaccharide Biogenesis Genes Confer Resistance to Amoebal Grazing in Synechococcus elongatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2738-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Simkovsky ◽  
Emily E. Effner ◽  
Maria José Iglesias-Sánchez ◽  
Susan S. Golden
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Synechococcus Elongatus ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Core Oligosaccharide ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Pcc 7942

ABSTRACTIn natural and artificial aquatic environments, population structures and dynamics of photosynthetic microbes are heavily influenced by the grazing activity of protistan predators. Understanding the molecular factors that affect predation is critical for controlling toxic cyanobacterial blooms and maintaining cyanobacterial biomass production ponds for generating biofuels and other bioproducts. We previously demonstrated that impairment of the synthesis or transport of the O-antigen component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enables resistance to amoebal grazing in the model predator-prey system consisting of the heterolobosean amoeba HGG1 and the cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942 (R. S. Simkovsky et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:16678–16683, 2012,http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214904109). In this study, we used this model system to identify additional gene products involved in the synthesis of O antigen, the ligation of O antigen to the lipid A-core conjugated molecule (including a novel ligase gene), the generation of GDP-fucose, and the incorporation of sugars into the lipid A core oligosaccharide ofS. elongatus. Knockout of any of these genes enables resistance to HGG1, and of these, only disruption of the genes involved in synthesis or incorporation of GDP-fucose into the lipid A-core molecule impairs growth. Because these LPS synthesis genes are well conserved across the diverse range of cyanobacteria, they enable a broader understanding of the structure and synthesis of cyanobacterial LPS and represent mutational targets for generating resistance to amoebal grazers in novel biomass production strains.

scholarly journals Chlorobaculum tepidum Modulates Amino Acid Composition in Response to Energy Availability, as Revealed by a Systematic Exploration of the Energy Landscape of Phototrophic Sulfur Oxidation

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (21) ◽  
pp. 6431-6439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalie T. Levy ◽  
Kelvin H. Lee ◽  
Thomas E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Energy Landscape ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chlorobaculum Tepidum

ABSTRACTMicrobial sulfur metabolism, particularly the formation and consumption of insoluble elemental sulfur (S0), is an important biogeochemical engine that has been harnessed for applications ranging from bioleaching and biomining to remediation of waste streams.Chlorobaculum tepidum, a low-light-adapted photoautolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, oxidizes multiple sulfur species and displays a preference for more reduced electron donors: sulfide > S0> thiosulfate. To understand this preference in the context of light energy availability, an “energy landscape” of phototrophic sulfur oxidation was constructed by varying electron donor identity, light flux, and culture duration. Biomass and cellular parameters ofC. tepidumcultures grown across this landscape were analyzed. From these data, a correction factor for colorimetric protein assays was developed, enabling more accurate biomass measurements forC. tepidum, as well as other organisms.C. tepidum's bulk amino acid composition correlated with energy landscape parameters, including a tendency toward less energetically expensive amino acids under reduced light flux. This correlation, paired with an observation of increased cell size and storage carbon production under electron-rich growth conditions, suggests thatC. tepidumhas evolved to cope with changing energy availability by tuning its proteome for energetic efficiency and storing compounds for leaner times.IMPORTANCEHow microbes cope with and adapt to varying energy availability is an important factor in understanding microbial ecology and in designing efficient biotechnological processes. We explored the response of a model phototrophic organism,Chlorobaculum tepidum, across a factorial experimental design that enabled simultaneous variation and analysis of multiple growth conditions, what we term the “energy landscape.”C. tepidumbiomass composition shifted toward less energetically expensive amino acids at low light levels. This observation provides experimental evidence for evolved efficiencies in microbial proteomes and emphasizes the role that energy flux may play in the adaptive responses of organisms. From a practical standpoint, our data suggest that bulk biomass amino acid composition could provide a simple proxy to monitor and identify energy stress in microbial systems.

scholarly journals Sulfurisoma sediminicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a facultative autotroph isolated from a freshwater lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisaya Kojima ◽  
Manabu Fukui
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Freshwater Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Bacterium Strain

A novel facultatively autotrophic bacterium, strain BSN1T was isolated from sediment of a freshwater lake in Japan. The cells were rod-shaped, motile and Gram-stain-negative. As sole energy sources for autotrophic growth, the strain oxidized thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and hydrogen. Strain BSN1T was a facultative anaerobe utilizing nitrate as an electron acceptor. Growth was observed at temperatures lower than 34 °C, and the optimum growth was observed at 30–32 °C. The range of pH for growth was pH 6.8–8.8, and the optimum pH was pH 7.8–8.1. The optimum growth of the isolate occurred at concentrations of NaCl less than 50 mM. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 67 mol%. The major component in the fatty acid profile of strain BSN1T grown on fumarate was summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain was a member of the class Betaproteobacteria , and it showed the highest sequence similarity with Georgfuchsia toluolica G5G6T (96.2 %). Phylogenetic analyses were also performed on genes involved in sulfur oxidation. On the basis of its phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, strain BSN1T ( = DSM 26916T = NBRC 109412T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of a novel genus, Sulfurisoma sediminicola gen. nov., sp. nov.

scholarly journals CsrA Coordinates Compatible Solute Synthesis in Acinetobacter baumannii and Facilitates Growth in Human Urine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Joy Hubloher ◽  
Kim Schabacker ◽  
Volker Müller ◽  
Beate Averhoff
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Compatible Solute ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽  
Mrna Binding ◽  
Optimal Adaptation

The opportunistic human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections around the world due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and their optimal adaptation to clinical environments and the human host. Recently, it was found that CsrA, a global mRNA binding posttranscriptional regulator, plays a role in osmotic stress adaptation, virulence, and growth on amino acids of A. baumannii AB09-003 and 17961.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document