scholarly journals Biotransformation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine by Pseudomonas mendocina KR1

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 6693-6698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Fournier ◽  
Jalal Hawari ◽  
Sheryl H. Streger ◽  
Kevin McClay ◽  
Paul B. Hatzinger
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Emerging Contaminant ◽  
Pseudomonas Mendocina ◽  
Potent Carcinogen

ABSTRACT N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent carcinogen and an emerging contaminant in groundwater and drinking water. The metabolism of NDMA in mammalian cells has been widely studied, but little information is available concerning the microbial transformation of this compound. The objective of this study was to elucidate the pathway(s) of NDMA biotransformation by Pseudomonas mendocina KR1, a strain that possesses toluene-4-monooxygenase (T4MO). P. mendocina KR1 was observed to initially oxidize NDMA to N-nitrodimethylamine (NTDMA), a novel metabolite. The use of 18O2 and H2 18O revealed that the oxygen added to NDMA to produce NTDMA was derived from atmospheric O2. Experiments performed with a pseudomonad expressing cloned T4MO confirmed that T4MO catalyzes this initial reaction. The NTDMA produced by P. mendocina KR1 did not accumulate, but rather it was metabolized further to produce N-nitromethylamine (88 to 94% recovery) and a trace amount of formaldehyde (HCHO). Small quantities of methanol (CH3OH) were also detected when the strain was incubated with NDMA but not during incubation with either NTDMA or HCHO. The formation of methanol is hypothesized to occur via a second, minor pathway mediated by an initial α-hydroxylation of the nitrosamine. Strain KR1 did not grow on NDMA or mineralize significant quantities of the compound to carbon dioxide, suggesting that the degradation process is cometabolic.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide by Reusing Drinking Water Treatment Plant Sludge

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2665-2670
Author(s):  
Soleha Mohamat Yusuff ◽  
K.K. Ong ◽  
W.M.Z. Wan Yunus ◽  
A. Fitrianto ◽  
M. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant Sludge

Zelivka River Storage and Treatment Complex Supplying the Prague Agglomeration with Drinking Water: Addressing Point and Non-Point Pollution Problems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
V. Chour ◽  
J. Holas ◽  
J. Korab ◽  
O. Srb
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
Point Pollution

Gradual deterioration of stored-water quality and actual danger of critical breakdown of the treatment technology supplying some 1.5 M inhabitants of the Prague-Agglomeration with drinking water are addressed by the conceited governmental action programme proposed in 1992 jointly by the Ministries of Environment and Agriculture of the Czech Republic. The programme is based on hitherto long-term extensive studies and includes additional research, investigation and monitoring works, design and implementation of abatement projects as well as policy, legislation and institutional activities. Massive growth of phytoplankton biomass throughout the dam reservoir promoted by the unwanted luxurious supply of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds was traced both to point and non-point pollution sources in the watershed. While phosphorus was found to be primarily borne by communal point sources, nitrogen in the yearly amount of 2-3,000 t is mainly an indirect by-product of actual agricultural cropping systems. Long-term research has brought the evidence of complex microbial transformation, mineralization, nitrification and other processes involved in the nitrogen transport to the reservoir. To date other pollutants, e.g. chlorides, sulphates, heavy metals and organics have neither reached safety limits nor displayed excessive growing trends in the reservoir.

scholarly journals Estimation and impact of carbon dioxide capture on drinking water: Tillmans equilibrium diagram

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-389
Author(s):  
C. Alvarez-Bastida ◽  
M. Solache-Ríos ◽  
I. Linares-Hernández ◽  
G. Vázquez-Mejía ◽  
G. Fonseca-Montes de Oca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increase of CO2 in the atmosphere may produce some effects on drinking water because water tends to naturally capture CO2 species. The main purpose was the study of the impact of capture of free CO2 and its transformation to carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO−3). The study used a Tillmans equilibrium diagram obtained from the modified Mojmir Mach model as a function of water temperature and considered the effects on anion and cation composition. Three wells located in different zones were selected, with similar characteristics (capture of CO2). Samples were taken in different seasons of the year and the amount of CO2 in the drinking water was calculated. It was found that with increasing concentrations of free CO2 the pH decreases, and this process makes the water acid and susceptible to dissolve some elements (Ca, Na, K, Si) and other species (HCO−3). The capture of CO2 has important effects on the anion and cation composition of drinking water and on the variation of pH by more than one unit, which may affect the health of consumers. The method presented in this study is an excellent user-friendly alternative to determine the impact of natural capture of total CO2 by water.

Photocatalytic removal of taste and odour compounds for drinking water treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tran ◽  
G. M. Evans ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
A. V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants

Photocatalytic degradation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which are two taste and odour compounds commonly found in drinking water supply sources, was investigated using an immobilised TiO2 photoreactor. It was found that the degradation of geosmin and MIB followed similar pseudo-first-order kinetics with reaction rate constants being approximately 0.025 min−1 for typical geosmin and MIB concentrations of 250 and 500 ng/L. The normalised formal quantum efficiency was calculated to be in the range of 162–182 L/mol. Influence of additives (i.e. sodium bicarbonate and alcohols) on the degradation process was also investigated. It was found that there was a small reduction in the degradation rate constants of geosmin and MIB with increasing sodium bicarbonate concentration. At 50 mg/L sodium bicarbonate the degradation rate constants decreased by approximately 5%. Similarly, for methanol and ethanol concentrations up to 35 and 50 mg/L, respectively, these constants were found to also decrease. While addition of sodium bicarbonate and alcohols was seen to have relatively small negative effects on the photocatalytic degradation performance, the magnitude of their influence was consistent with the hypothesis that the degradation mechanism of geosmin and MIB was predominately that of attack involving HO∙ radicals.

Studies on salt tolerance of sheep. V. The tolerance of sheep for mixtures of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate in the drinking water

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Saline Solutions

Six groups, each of six sheep, were fed in pens for 15 months on a ration of chaffed lucerne and wheaten hays. One group was offered rain-water to drink, another group was offered 1.30% sodium chloride, whereas the others were offered one of the following mixtures of sodium chloride, carbonate, and bicarbonate: 1.26 + 0.015 + 0.025, 1.21 + 0.04 + 0.06, 1.12 + 0.08 + 0.13, and 0.95 + 0.161+ 0.25%. The intake of all saline solutions was higher than that of rain-water, ranging from 150% above for 1.30% sodium chloride to 60% above for the highest level of carbonates; the mean daily intakes for the entire experiment by the six groups were 2.6, 6.6, 4.8, 5.7, 5.8, and 4.2 l. respectively. The intake also increased in all groups with temperature, being 40–70% higher in the hottest months than in the coldest months.Weight increase was less from 6 months onward in the group receiving 1.30% sodium chloride, and was less at certain times only in the experiment in the groups receiving 0.04 or 0.10% carbonates, than in that receiving rain-water (control group). There were no differences in weight increase between the control group and the groups receiving the highest concentrations (0.21 and 0.41%) of carbonates The saline drinking waters had no effect on the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or chloride in the blood plasma. The concentration of carbon dioxide was higher, for the last year of the experiment, in the blood of the control group, and, for approximately one-third of the experiment, in that of the group receiving the highest level of carbonates in its drinking water, than in that of any of the groups receiving lower levels of carbonates. There were differences in blood carbon dioxide on one occasion only between the control group and that receiving the highest level of carbonates. None of the solutions used in the experiment had any adverse effect on the general health, food consumption or wool production of the sheep.

Marginal abatement cost of carbon dioxide emissions in the provision of urban drinking water

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Ramon Sala-Garrido ◽  
Manuel Mocholi-Arce ◽  
Maria Molinos-Senante ◽  
Alexandros Maziotis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Marginal Abatement Cost ◽  
Urban Drinking Water

Determination of Bromide and Bromate Ions in the Presence of Standard Ions by Suppressed Ion Chromatography

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriana Surleva ◽  
Veronika Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Column Temperature ◽  
Recovery Test

An ion chromatographic method for determination of bromide and bromate in the presence of standard anions in drinking water was described. The method was based on separation on Metrosep A Supp 7-250 (250 x 4 mm) column with 3.6 mmol/L Na2CO3 as eluent and conductivity detection after sequential chemical and carbon dioxide suppression. The influence of flow rate and column temperature was studied and optimal experimental conditions for simultaneous determination of eight anions were chosen. Analytical characteristics of the ion chromatographic method were assessed for simultaneous determination of bromide, bromate, fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate. The calibration curves were linear (r2=1, N=7) in the concentration ranges: 0.4-12 mg/L BrO3- and 0.3-11 mg/L Br-. Recovery test was performed on a spiked certified reference material for soft drinking water. The obtained recoveries for bromate and bromide were 96.0 and 101.0 %, respectively. The repeatability and intermediate precision were between 5.1 and 0.14 % (RSD) depending on the analytes concentration. The limits of detection were 20 μg/L BrO3- and 10 μg/L Br-

Partial demineralisation of drinking water using carbon dioxide regenerated ion exchangers

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Höll ◽  
K. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Acidic Cation Exchanger ◽  
Ion Exchange Process

CARIX is an ion exchange process which usually applies a mixed bed consisting of a weakly acidic and a strongly basic exchanger material. Carbon dioxide is applied as the only chemical for regeneration of the exchangers. As a consequence, the effluent contains only the amount of salt eliminated during the service cycle. CARIX allows a combined partial softening/dealkalisation/sulfate/nitrate of drinking water. A modification of the process uses exclusively a weakly acidic cation exchanger and allows a softening/dealkalisation. The process has been realised for drinking water treatment in five full-scale plants in Germany. Results of operation demonstrate that an excellent water quality is provided at fairly low cost.

Genotoxic effects of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX) in mammalian cells in vitro and in rats in vivo

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Brunborg ◽  
Jørn A. Holme ◽  
Erik J. Søderlund ◽  
Jan K. Hongslo ◽  
Terttu Vartiainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Genotoxic Effects
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