scholarly journals Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms under Defined Growth Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1908-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Reeser ◽  
Robert T. Medler ◽  
Stephen J. Billington ◽  
B. Helen Jost ◽  
Lynn A. Joens
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Commercial Broiler

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of human diarrheal disease in many industrialized countries and is a source of public health and economic burden. C. jejuni, present as normal flora in the intestinal tract of commercial broiler chickens and other livestock, is probably the main source of human infections. The presence of C. jejuni in biofilms found in animal production watering systems may play a role in the colonization of these animals. We have determined that C. jejuni can form biofilms on a variety of abiotic surfaces commonly used in watering systems, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyvinyl chloride plastics. Furthermore, C. jejuni biofilm formation was inhibited by growth in nutrient-rich media or high osmolarity, and thermophilic and microaerophilic conditions enhanced biofilm formation. Thus, nutritional and environmental conditions affect the formation of C. jejuni biofilms. Both flagella and quorum sensing appear to be required for maximal biofilm formation, as C. jejuni flaAB and luxS mutants were significantly reduced in their ability to form biofilms compared to the wild-type strain.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Campylobacter and the Caecal Microbial Community of Commercial Broiler Chickens over Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ilaria Patuzzi ◽  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
Veronica Cibin ◽  
Sara Petrin ◽  
Eleonora Mastrorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Human Infections

Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new approaches are needed to fully understand the ecological interactions of Campylobacter with host animals to effectively comprehend its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to analyse longitudinally the gut microbiota composition of Campylobacter-infected and non-infected farms to identify any difference that could potentially be indicative of gut colonization by Campylobacter spp. Differences in the colonization rate and timing were observed at the farms that became positive for Campylobacter jejuni over the investigated time points, even though in positive tests, the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni gut colonization was not observed before the second week of the life of the birds. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa between the microbiota of individuals belonging to farms that became Campylobacter positive during the study and those who remained negative with particular reference to Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, respectively. Moreover, Campylobacter colonization dramatically influenced the microbiota richness, although to a different extent depending on the infection timing. Finally, a key role of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus genera on the Campylobacter microbial network was observed. Understanding the ecology of the Campylobacter interaction with host microbiota during infection could support novel approaches for broiler microbial barrier restoration. Therefore, evidence obtained through this study can be used to identify options to reduce the incidence of infection at a primary production level based on the targeted influence of the intestinal microbiota, thus helping develop new control strategies in order to mitigate the risk of human exposure to Campylobacter by chicken meat consumption.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni Is Not Merely a Commensal in Commercial Broiler Chickens and Affects Bird Welfare

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Humphrey ◽  
G. Chaloner ◽  
K. Kemmett ◽  
N. Davidson ◽  
N. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Commercial Broiler

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in a Hydrodynamic Environment by Novel FimH Variants and Ramifications for Virulence

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Schembri ◽  
Per Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Random Mutagenesis ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enrichment Technique ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Hydrodynamic Environment

ABSTRACT Type 1 fimbriae are surface-located adhesion organelles ofEscherichia coli that are directly associated with virulence of the urinary tract. They mediated-mannose-sensitive binding to different host surfaces by way of the minor fimbrial component FimH. Naturally occurring variants of FimH that bind strongly to terminally exposed monomannose residues have been associated with a pathogenicity-adaptive phenotype that enhances E. coli colonization of extraintestinal locations such as the urinary tract. The FimH adhesin also promotes biofilm formation in a mannose-inhibitable manner on abiotic surfaces under static growth conditions. In this study, we used random mutagenesis combined with a novel selection-enrichment technique to specifically identify mutations in the FimH adhesin that confer onE. coli the ability to form biofilms under hydrodynamic flow (HDF) conditions. We identified three FimH variants from our mutant library that could mediate an HDF biofilm formation phenotype to various degrees. This phenotype was induced by the cumulative effect of multiple changes throughout the receptor-binding region of the protein. Two of the HDF biofilm-forming FimH variants were insensitive to mannose inhibition and represent novel phenotypes not previously identified in naturally occurring isolates. Characterization of our enriched clones revealed some similarities to amino acid alterations that occur in urinary tract infection (UTI) strains. Subsequent screening of a selection of UTI FimH variants demonstrated that they too could promote biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces under HDF conditions. Interestingly, the same correlation was not observed for commensal FimH variants. FimH is a multifaceted protein prone to rapid microevolution. In addition to its previously documented roles in adherence and invasion, we have now demonstrated its function in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces subjected to HDF conditions. The study indicates that UTI FimH variants possess adaptations that enhance biofilm formation and suggests a novel role for FimH in UTIs associated with medical implants such as catheters.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation Ability of Arcobacter-Like and Campylobacter Strains under Different Conditions and on Food Processing Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
David Šilha ◽  
Sabina Sirotková ◽  
Karolína Švarcová ◽  
Leona Hofmeisterová ◽  
Květa Koryčanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. The transmission of Campylobacter and Arcobacter-like species is often made possible by their ability to adhere to various abiotic surfaces. This study is focused on monitoring the biofilm ability of 69 strains of Campylobacter spp. and lesser described species of the Arcobacteraceae family isolated from food, water, and clinical samples within the Czech Republic. Biofilm formation was monitored and evaluated under an aerobic/microaerophilic atmosphere after cultivation for 24 or 72 h depending on the surface material. An overall higher adhesion ability was observed in arcobacters. A chi-squared test showed no association between the origin of the strains and biofilm activity (p > 0.05). Arcobacter-like species are able to form biofilms under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions; however, they prefer microaerophilic environments. Biofilm formation has already been demonstrated at refrigerator temperatures (5 °C). Arcobacters also showed higher biofilm formation ability at the temperature of 30 °C. This is in contrast to Campylobacter jejuni NP 2896, which showed higher biofilm formation ability at temperatures of 5–30 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated the biofilm formation ability of many strains, which poses a considerable risk to the food industry, medical practice, and human health.

The Cinnamon-Oil Ingredient trans-Cinnamaldehyde Fails To Target Campylobacter jejuni Strain KC 40 in the Broiler Chicken Cecum Despite Marked In Vitro Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID HERMANS ◽  
AN MARTEL ◽  
KIM VAN DEUN ◽  
FILIP VAN IMMERSEEL ◽  
MARC HEYNDRICKX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Chicken Cecum

Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of diarrheal disease in humans worldwide, with poultry products being a major source. Therefore, strategies to decrease Campylobacter colonization during primary production might aid in reducing the number of human campylobacteriosis cases. Several plant-derived compounds have been reported to possess anti-Campylobacter properties in vitro, so they could be promising candidates to reduce Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens. To test this hypothesis, selected plant-derived antimicrobials (caffeic, gallic, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids, epigallocatechin gallate, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and thymol) were screened for anti-Campylobacter activity by determining MICs and setting up time-kill curves for C. jejuni strain KC 40. These experiments revealed marked antibacterial activity, especially for the cinnamon oil ingredient trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). This compound was tested in a broiler chick seeder model; it was added to the feed in coated form at an effective concentration of 0.3% from day-of-hatch for the entire 22-day duration of the experiment. At 14 days of age, one-third of the birds were inoculated with C. jejuni strain KC 40 and served as seeders. CIN was not able to reduce cecal Campylobacter colonization in this model, which was confirmed in a cecal loop experiment. Despite CIN concentrations much higher than the MIC, C. jejuni numbers were not reduced compared with those in nontreated ceca at 2 and 24 h after injection. In conclusion, this study shows a marked discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo activity of CIN against C. jejuni strain KC 40.

scholarly journals Detection of Campylobacter jejuni among Commercial Broiler Chickens in East-Coast Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Che Mohd Noor Nur-Aziera-Aina ◽  
Nur-Syafiqah Mohd Nasir ◽  
Abdul-Rahman Zaidah ◽  
Nuraini Nuraini ◽  
Ade Djulardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Commercial Broiler

scholarly journals TYPLEX® Chelate, a novel feed additive, inhibits Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation and cecal colonization in broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1391-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khattak ◽  
V. Paschalis ◽  
M. Green ◽  
J.G.M. Houdijk ◽  
P. Soultanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Additive

scholarly journals Anti-adhesion activity of phytochemicals to prevent Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Klančnik ◽  
Katarina Šimunović ◽  
Meta Sterniša ◽  
Dina Ramić ◽  
Sonja Smole Možina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Adhesion Activity

Intestinal Carriage and Excretion of Campylobacter jejuni in Chickens Exposed at Different Ages

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1184-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAYOKO YANO ◽  
ERIKO AMANO ◽  
AKANE KATOU ◽  
ISAO TANEDA ◽  
TOSHIYUKI TSUTSUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Campylobacter jejuni is usually recovered from chickens in commercial broiler farms after 2 to 3 weeks of age. This study was conducted to clarify whether fecal excretion is associated with the age of exposure to this bacterium. Day-of-hatch broiler chickens were separated from a flock in a local commercial farm, kept in isolation rooms, and esophageally inoculated with C. jejuni (5.5 ×107 to 5.4 ×108 CFU) at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. The remaining chicks were placed on the farm. Fecal samples obtained from the birds with the experimental infection and those reared on the farm were monitored for C. jejuni. Cecal contents obtained on necropsy were also cultured. In chickens inoculated with C. jejuni at 0 to 14 days of age, fecal excretion of C. jejuni was not observed until 42 days of age, although the organism was recovered from the cecal contents of these birds. When chickens were inoculated at 21 to 35 days of age, C. jejuni was isolated from fecal samples 2 or 3 days after inoculation, and the birds continually shed the organism until they reached 49 days of age, with the maximal numbers of the organism ranging from 1.7 × 108 to 1.0 × 1010 CFU/g. In the commercial broiler farm, C. jejuni was first isolated from fecal samples obtained from two of five chickens at 28 days of age, and the organism was isolated from all five birds tested at 43 days of age. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the fla gene of C. jejuni isolates revealed that birds on the farm were colonized with C. jejuni after placement of the chickens on the farm. These observations indicate that chickens younger than 2 to 3 weeks old may carry C. jejuni in the ceca if they were exposed to this organism. Our results also suggest that fecal excretion of C. jejuni in commercial broiler chickens older than 3 to 4 weeks of age may be mainly caused by exposure of chickens at this age to this organism.

scholarly journals High Biofilm Formation of Non-Smooth Candida parapsilosis Correlates with Increased Incorporation of GPI-Modified Wall Adhesins

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez ◽  
Emilia Gómez-Molero ◽  
Pablo Sánchez-Virosta ◽  
Henk L. Dekker ◽  
Albert de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Cellular Phenotypes ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Candida parapsilosis is among the most frequent causes of candidiasis. Clinical isolates of this species show large variations in colony morphotype, ranging from round and smooth to a variety of non-smooth irregular colony shapes. A non-smooth appearance is related to increased formation of pseudohyphae, higher capacity to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and invading agar. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the cell wall proteome of C. parapsilosis reference strain CDC317 and seven clinical isolates under planktonic and sessile conditions. This analysis resulted in the identification of 40 wall proteins, most of them homologs of known Candida albicans cell wall proteins, such as Gas, Crh, Bgl2, Cht2, Ecm33, Sap, Sod, Plb, Pir, Pga30, Pga59, and adhesin family members. Comparative analysis of exponentially growing and stationary phase planktonic cultures of CDC317 at 30 °C and 37 °C revealed only minor variations. However, comparison of smooth isolates to non-smooth isolates with high biofilm formation capacity showed an increase in abundance and diversity of putative wall adhesins from Als, Iff/Hyr, and Hwp families in the latter. This difference depended more strongly on strain phenotype than on the growth conditions, as it was observed in planktonic as well as biofilm cells. Thus, in the set of isolates analyzed, the high biofilm formation capacity of non-smooth C. parapsilosis isolates with elongated cellular phenotypes correlates with the increased surface expression of putative wall adhesins in accordance with their proposed cellular function.

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