scholarly journals Vaginal Isolates of Candida glabrata are Uniquely Susceptible to Ionophoric Killer Toxins Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance R. Fredericks ◽  
Mark D. Lee ◽  
Hannah R. Eckert ◽  
Shunji Li ◽  
Mason A. Shipley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Killer Yeasts ◽  
Different Strains

Compared to other species of Candida yeasts, the growth of Candida glabrata was inhibited by many different strains of Saccharomyces killer yeasts. The ionophoric K1 and K2 killer toxins were broadly inhibitory to all clinical isolates of C. glabrata from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, despite high levels of resistance to clinically relevant antifungal therapeutics.

scholarly journals Vaginal isolates of Candida glabrata are Uniquely Susceptible to Killer Toxins Produced by Saccharomyces Yeasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance R. Fredericks ◽  
Mark D. Lee ◽  
Cooper R. Roslund ◽  
Mason A. Shipley ◽  
Paul A. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeasts

ABSTRACTKiller toxins have a range of antifungal activities against pathogenic species of yeasts. Candida glabrata was found to be acutely susceptible to seven killer toxins produced by Saccharomyces species of yeasts. Specifically, the ionophoric K1 and K2 killer toxins were broadly inhibitory to a large collection of C. glabrata from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. The sensitivity of these clinical isolates to killer toxins does not correlate with their resistance to major classes of antifungal drugs.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Drug-Resistant Candida glabrata by Killer Toxins Produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance Fredericks ◽  
Cooper Roslund ◽  
Angela Crabtree ◽  
Paul Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Killer Toxins

scholarly journals Three Mating Type-Like Loci in Candida glabrata

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thyagarajan Srikantha ◽  
Salil A. Lachke ◽  
David R. Soll
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Phenotypic Switching ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT Candida glabrata, the second most prevalent Candida species colonizing humans, possesses three mating type-like (MTL) loci (MTL1, MTL2, and MTL3). These loci contain pairs of MTL genes with their respective coding regions on complementary Crick and Watson DNA strands. Each pair of genes is separated by a shared intergenic promoter region, the same configuration found at the mating type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two of the MTL loci, MTL1 and MTL2, contain either the MTLa1/MTLa2 configuration or the MTLα1/MTLα2 configuration in different strains. All but one of the 38 tested C. glabrata strains were either aaα or aαα. One test strain was ααα. Based on the mating type genotype, the MTL genes at the MTL1 or MTL2 loci, and the size of the XbaI fragment harboring MTL1 or MTL2, four classes of C. glabrata strains (I, II, III, and IV) were distinguished. Northern analysis revealed that strains were either a-expressors or α-expressors and that expression always reflected the genotype of either the MTL1 or MTL2 locus, depending on the class. The expression pattern in each class, therefore, is similar to that observed in S. cerevisiae, which harbors two silent cassette loci, HMR and HML, and the expression locus MAT. High-frequency phenotypic switching between core phenotypes in an α-expressing, but not in an a-expressing, strain modulated the level of MTL expression, suggesting a possible relationship between core phenotypic switching and mating.

scholarly journals Azole Antifungal Resistance in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Deravi ◽  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Seyede Nadia Tabatabaeifar ◽  
Parichehr Pooransari ◽  
Bahram Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most frequent fungal disorder in healthy and normal women. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, the two most common candida species in Iranian patients with VVC. Methods: One hundred and eight clinical isolates of candida, including; C. albicans (n = 77) and C. glabrata: (n = 31) were isolated from the 108 patients with VVC. The in vitro activity of caspofungin (CAS), amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole (VRC), itraconazole (ITC), fluconazole (FLC), and nystatin (NYS) were determined according to the CLSI M27-A3 and CLSI M27-S4. Results: Our results were shown 8 (25.8 %) and 6 (7.8 %) C. glabrata and C. albicans isolates resistance to FLU, respectively. Furthermore, resistance to VRC and ITC were observed in 8.4%, and 3.7% of all isolates, and six isolates (5.6%) had intermediate MIC to CAS. Conclusions: We reported 8 (25.8 %) and 6 (7.8 %) C. glabrata and C. albicans isolates resistance to FLU, respectively. Furthermore, resistance to VRC and ITC were observed in 8.4% and 3.7% of all isolates, respectively.

scholarly journals Identification of etiologic agents of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in patients from Isfahan, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e18-e18
Author(s):  
Kiana Shirani ◽  
Zahra Allameh ◽  
Azadeh Moshtzan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Common Pathogen ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Meaningful Relationship

Introduction: Occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), as a common condition in women of childbearing age, is increasing all over the world as a result of extensive use of antibiotics and antifungal drugs. Objectives: In the present study to gain the up-to-date information on involved species and the prevalence of the recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in Isfahan, Iran, we assessed the etiologic agents of aforementioned disease in women referred to the Al-Zahra hospital (Isfahan, Iran). Furthermore, we surveyed the possible relationship between age, education and marital status with prevalence of albicans and non-albicans candidiasis. Patients and Methods: Our study was conducted on subjects who were admitted to the gynecology and midwifery clinic between September 2017 and August 2018 and had clinical presentations of vulvovaginitis. Sampling of 100 women was done using sterile swab. Samples were transferred to the hospital laboratory for cellular and molecular investigations. Results:Candida albicans was the main pathogen involved in the pathogenesis of RVVC and Candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen. Moreover, none of the 100 cases that we tested were infected with Candida krusei. We found a meaningful relationship between age and RVVC triggered by Candida albicans (P<0.05) but there was no significant relationship between age and RVVC that triggered by non-albicans fungi. There was no meaningful correlation between levels of education, number of children and types of delivery with RVVC that infected by various albicans and non-albicans candidiasis (P>0.05). Conclusion:Candidaalbicans was the main pathogen involved in the pathogenesis of RVVC in Isfahan while Candida glabrata is the second most common pathogen. Despite their high cost, molecular methods have high value in accurate diagnosis of the RVVC.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification of Candida glabrataby Using a Dipstick To Detect Trehalase-Generated Glucose

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Peltroche-Llacsahuanga ◽  
Norbert Schnitzler ◽  
Rudolf Lütticken ◽  
Gerhard Haase
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽  
Pichia Angusta ◽  
Reference Strains

Candida glabrata is a yeast frequently isolated from human specimens. Based upon its well-known ability to rapidly hydrolyze trehalose, we have developed a novel and cost-effective test incubating one yeast colony emulsified in 50 μl of citrate buffer (0.1 M [pH 5.0]) containing 4% (wt/vol) trehalose for 3 h at 37°C. Trehalase-generated glucose is detected with a commercially available dipstick (range, 1.0 to 50 g/liter). For evaluation, consecutive clinical isolates and several reference strains of C. glabrata (n = 160), C. albicans(n = 120), and other yeast species with potential ability for utilization of trehalose (C. dubliniensis,n = 11; C. famata, n = 15; C. guilliermondii, n = 5; C. lusitaniae, n = 16; C. parapsilosis,n = 20; C. tropicalis, n= 34; C. viswanathii, n = 5; Pichia angusta, n = 2; C. zeylanoides,n = 2; Saccharomyces cerevisiae,n = 16; C. neoformans, n= 7) were tested. Identification of C. glabrata is achieved within 3 h, with a specificity of 99.1% and a sensitivity of 98.8% when grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with 4% glucose.

scholarly journals 719. Susceptibility Testing of Oteseconazole (VT-1161) Against Clinical Isolates from Phase 3 Clinical Studies in Subjects with Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S459-S459
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ghannoum ◽  
Thorsten Degenhardt ◽  
Karen Person ◽  
Stephen Brand
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Treatment Standard

Abstract Background Oteseconazole (VT-1161) is a novel, investigational oral therapy that is currently under FDA review for the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Susceptibility testing was performed on all viable clinical isolates collected from three Phase 3 studies to determine the susceptibility of causative pathogens to oteseconazole versus the current treatment standard of care, fluconazole. Methods Vaginal cultures were obtained at screening and at all subsequent study visits throughout the duration of the studies (approx. 48 Weeks) and submitted to a central mycology laboratory for fungal species identification and storage. Susceptibility testing was conducted in accordance with the CLSI Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast M27-Ed4. Results Candida albicans was identified as the primary causative pathogen in 87% of women with RVVC presenting with an acute infection, followed by C. glabrata (8%). Other non-albicans species including; C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. kefyr and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were responsible for &lt; 1% of infections. A total of 1910 isolates were collected. The MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 values against all isolates for oteseconazole were ≤ 0.0005 to &gt; 0.25, 0.002 and 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. In comparison, the MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 values for fluconazole were, ≤ 0.06 to &gt; 32, 0.25 and 8 µg/mL respectively. The MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 values against all C.glabrata isolates for oteseconazole were 0.002 to &gt; 0.25, 0.03 and 0.125 µg/mL, respectively. In comparison, the MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 values for fluconazole were, ≤ 0.06 to 32, 2 and 8 µg/mL respectively. Conclusion Oteseconazole demonstrated very low MIC values against most Candida strains, including fluconazole resistant isolates, aligning with clinical study outcomes. Oteseconazole MICs against C. glabrata strains were approximately 6-fold lower than fluconazole. Disclosures Mahmoud Ghannoum, PhD, Mycovia Pharmaceuticals (Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support) Thorsten Degenhardt, Ph.D, Mycovia Pharmaceuticals (Employee, Shareholder) Karen Person, M.S., Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee)Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Stephen Brand, Ph.D, Mycovia Pharmaceuticals (Employee)

scholarly journals Two Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata Exhibiting Reduced Sensitivity to Amphotericin B Both Harbor Mutations inERG2

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 6417-6421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire M. Hull ◽  
Oliver Bader ◽  
Josie E. Parker ◽  
Michael Weig ◽  
Uwe Gross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Sterol Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Report

ABSTRACTTwo novel isolates ofCandida glabrataexhibiting reduced sensitivity to amphotericin B (MIC, 8 μg ml−1) were found to beERG2mutants, wherein Δ8-sterol intermediates comprised >90% of the total cellular sterol fraction. Both harbored an alteration at Thr121in ERG2; the corresponding residue (Thr119) inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis essential for sterol Δ8-Δ7 isomerization. This constitutes the first report ofC. glabrataharboring mutations inERG2and exhibiting reduced sensitivity to amphotericin B.

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