scholarly journals Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6497) ◽  
pp. 1362-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Drew ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Claire J. Steves ◽  
Cristina Menni ◽  
Maxim Freydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Scale Data

The rapid pace of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents challenges to the robust collection of population-scale data to address this global health crisis. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium to unite scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop the COVID Symptom Study, previously known as the COVID Symptom Tracker, mobile application. This application—which offers data on risk factors, predictive symptoms, clinical outcomes, and geographical hotspots—was launched in the United Kingdom on 24 March 2020 and the United States on 29 March 2020 and has garnered more than 2.8 million users as of 2 May 2020. Our initiative offers a proof of concept for the repurposing of existing approaches to enable rapidly scalable epidemiologic data collection and analysis, which is critical for a data-driven response to this public health challenge.

scholarly journals Rapid implementation of mobile technology for real-time epidemiology of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Drew ◽  
Long H. Nguyen ◽  
Claire J. Steves ◽  
Jonathan Wolf ◽  
Tim D. Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scale Data

AbstractThe rapid pace of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19) presents challenges to the robust collection of population-scale data to address this global health crisis. We established the COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) consortium to bring together scientists with expertise in big data research and epidemiology to develop a COVID-19 Symptom Tracker mobile application that we launched in the UK on March 24, 2020 and the US on March 29, 2020 garnering more than 2.25 million users to date. This mobile application offers data on risk factors, herald symptoms, clinical outcomes, and geographical hot spots. This initiative offers critical proof-of-concept for the repurposing of existing approaches to enable rapidly scalable epidemiologic data collection and analysis which is critical for a data-driven response to this public health challenge.One Sentence SummaryCOVID-19 symptom tracker for smartphones

scholarly journals The Virus of Surveillance: How the covid-19 Pandemic Is Fuelling Technologies of Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-46
Author(s):  
Félix Tréguer
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Health Data ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Urban Policing ◽  
New Public ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While it is too early to provide a definitive analysis of the impact that the covid-19 health crisis will have on digital state surveillance, this article aims to provide a first assessment. It starts by situating states’ response to the crisis in the longer history of epidemics and their connections to what philosopher Michel Foucault called “regimes of power.” By surveying various surveillance discourses and practices in countries like France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States or Israel in the Spring of 2020, the article identifies three key trends magnified by the crisis, namely, the crystallisation of new public-private assemblages in the management of health data, a shift towards health-based justification regimes for legitimising controversial surveillance and urban policing technologies, as well as mounting human rights threats and oversight failures in a context marked by a “state of health emergency”.

scholarly journals Coronavirus mapping in scientific publications: when science advances rapidly and collectively, is access to this knowledge open to society?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Belli ◽  
Rogério Mugnaini ◽  
Joan Baltà ◽  
Ernest Abadal
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
International Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
International Health Problems ◽  
Access Policies

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is creating a global health emergency. Mapping this health emergency in scientific publications demands multiple approaches to obtain a picture as complete as possible. To progress in the knowledge of this pandemic and to control its effects, international collaborations between researchers are essentials, as well as having open and immediate access to scientific publications, what we called “coopetition”. The following questions have been addressed: Which are the countries with the most scientific publications, how do organizations collaborate (international scientific collaborations) and how much impact can be observed? What percentage of these publications and cited references are open access (identifying countries and organizations)?We have analyzed 18,875 articles indexed in Web of Science. We performed the descriptive statistical analysis in order to explore the performance of the more prolific countries and organizations, as well as paying attention to the last two years. Registers have been analyzed separately via the VOSviewer software, drawing a network of links among countries and organizations to identify the starred countries and organizations, and the strongest links of the net.We have explored the capacity of researchers to generate scientific knowledge about a health crisis emergency, and their global capacity to collaborate among them in a global emergency. We consider that science is moving rapidly to find solutions to international health problems but access to this knowledge by society is not so quick due to several limitations (open access policies, corporate interests, etc.). We have observed that papers from China in the last 3 months (from January 2020 to March 2020) have a strong impact compared with papers published in years before. The United States and China are the major producers of documents of our sample, followed by all European countries, especially the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and France. At the same time, the leading role of Saudi Arabia, Canada or South Korea should be noted, with a significant number of documents submitted but very different dynamics of international collaboration.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Deep-Learning Algorithm for Asymptomatic COVID-19 Model with Varying Mitigation Measures and Transmission Rate

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-489
Author(s):  
K. D. Olumoyin ◽  
A. Q. M. Khaliq ◽  
K. M. Furati
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
The Impact

Epidemiological models with constant parameters may not capture satisfactory infection patterns in the presence of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures during a pandemic, since infectiousness is a function of time. In this paper, an Epidemiology-Informed Neural Network algorithm is introduced to learn the time-varying transmission rate for the COVID-19 pandemic in the presence of various mitigation scenarios. There are asymptomatic infectives, mostly unreported, and the proposed algorithm learns the proportion of the total infective individuals that are asymptomatic infectives. Using cumulative and daily reported cases of the symptomatic infectives, we simulate the impact of non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures such as early detection of infectives, contact tracing, and social distancing on the basic reproduction number. We demonstrate the effectiveness of vaccination on the transmission of COVID-19. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using error metrics in the data-driven simulation for COVID-19 data of Italy, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

scholarly journals La multinationalisation des pétrolières canadiennes

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Jorge Niosi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Activity

ABSTRACT Canadian foreign direct investment in the oil and gaz industry has been growing at a very rapid pace during the seventies and early eighties. Traditionnally oriented towards the United States, it is now flowring towards the United Kingdom and other North Sea Countries, the Mediterranean, Indonesia and Australia. Increasing oil prices and profits, mainly in international operations, explain the growth of many Canadian independent. These international firms are not already truly multinationals: they produce oil and/or gaz in two to four countries, but the extent of their exploration and development activities is leading them towards a more global activity. The article is organized into three sections. In the first section the patterns of ownership and control in the Canadian industry is shown, including the emergence of local companies and the "Canadianization" process of the seventies; in the second one, the multinational expansion of Canadian firms is analyzed using agregate data; in the final section the main results are summarized and some forecasts are made on the future evolution of Canada emerging oil multinationals.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE ESTRATÉGICA NERNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Visentini ◽  
Analúcia Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo Ianhez ◽  
José Miguel Quedi Martins ◽  
Bruno Magno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Previous Edition ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
The Military

In 2021, the covid-19 pandemic continues to dominate the international scene, but that does not mean that the political cleavages and tensions lost their space. In this edition, relevant themes are analyzed, such as the reasons for the recent clashes that affect national stability in Angola, a promising African state. Next, two articles address the issue of the Russian opponent Navalny and the situation in eastern Ukraine, showing little-known dimensions about these two themes. As for the set of problems that concern the containment of China by the United States and the United Kingdom, the subject that was selected was that of the demonstrations in Hong Kong in 2019 and 2020, which brings an original and thought-provoking analysis. Vaccine diplomacy also emerged as a new topic, with political-strategic and economic dimensions that go beyond the global health crisis, and was objectively assessed here. Another event that surprised many analysts was the military coup in Myanmar, which has both an internal and an external dimension and is addressed here from a critical perspective. Then, an overview of the first 100 days of the Biden administration in the diplomatic and security fields is offered, confirming the predictions expressed in the previous edition that the foreign policy changes would rely on form, and not so much on content. Finally, the return of leftist candidates to power in Latin America is analyzed, exploring the fluidity and uncertainty of the regional political framework. The analysis of the conjuncture, more than just explaining specific events, can contribute to the understanding of ongoing processes and the structure that is taking shape. In this sense, the covid-19 pandemic, regardless of its origin (will we ever know for sure?), has been addressed, as it appears, in an ineffectual way even by prosperous and organized countries. Thus, a strategic reflection shows that the health crisis may be serving as a cover for another one, which was already manifesting itself in previous years: the economic slowdown. All social difficulties would now be presented as a result of the pandemic, as well as the political morass within the states of the system, and conflicts between them would be justified or camouflaged. So, here is a question for reflection: is the ongoing situation being used, to a large extent, as an opportune instrument for managing the economic crisis and the technological and geopolitical dispute currently underway?

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Creating a ‘Masala’ Self: Bicultural Identity in Desi Young Adult Novels

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Superle
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Small Body ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
Cultural Identity Development

In the past two decades, the previously silent voices of diasporic Indian writers for young people have emerged, and a small body of texts has begun to develop in the United States and the United Kingdom. One of the major preoccupations of these texts is cultural identity development, especially in the novels published for a young adult audience, which often feature protagonists in the throes of an identity crisis. For example, the novels The Roller Birds of Rampur (1991) by Indi Rana, Born Confused (2002) by Tanuja Desai Hidier, and The Not-So-Star-Spangled Life of Sunita Sen (2005) by Mitali Perkins all focus on an adolescent girl coping with her bicultural identity with angst and confusion, and delineate the ways her self-concept and relationships are affected. The texts are empowering in their suggestion that young people have the agency to explore and create their own balanced bicultural identities, but like other young adult fiction, they ultimately situate adolescents within insurmountable institutional forces that are much more powerful than any individual.

Science, Politics, and the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
J. Nicholas Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Uk

Comparing the virus responses in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States shows that in order for scientific expertise to result in effective policy, rational political leadership is required. Each of these three countries is known for advanced biomedical research, yet their experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic diverged widely. Germany’s political leadership carefully followed scientific advice and organized public–private partnerships to scale up testing, resulting in relatively low infection levels. The UK and US political responses were far more erratic and less informed by scientific advice—and proved much less effective.

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