A hydrophobic FeMn@Si catalyst increases olefins from syngas by suppressing C1 by-products

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 371 (6529) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfei Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Li ◽  
Junhu Gao ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Guangyuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Carbide ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Olefin Production ◽  
Oxidation By Water ◽  
Multifunctional Catalyst ◽  
By Products ◽  
Hydrophobic Shell ◽  
Made In ◽  
Carbon Molecule

Although considerable efforts have been made in the selective conversion of syngas [carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen] to olefins through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), ~50% of the converted CO is transformed into the undesired one-carbon molecule (C1) by-products [carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)]. In this study, a core-shell FeMn@Si catalyst with excellent hydrophobicity was designed to hinder the formation of CO2 and CH4. The hydrophobic shell protected the iron carbide core from oxidation by water generated during FTS and shortened the retention of water on the catalyst surface, restraining the side reactions related to water. Furthermore, the electron transfer from manganese to iron atoms boosted olefin production and inhibited CH4 formation. The multifunctional catalyst could suppress the total selectivity of CO2 and CH4 to less than 22.5% with an olefin yield of up to 36.6% at a CO conversion of 56.1%.

A Convenient Way for the Synthesis of Mono N-Alkylated Ethanolamine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHE LI ◽  
Changren Yan
Keyword(s):  
Side Reactions ◽  
By Products

<p><i>N-</i>alkylated ethanol amines, especially the <i>N-</i>monoalkylated ethanol amines, feature widely applications in industries. This manuscript would introduce a new methodology to prepare <i>N-</i>monoalkylated ethanol amine derivatives that could avoid potential side reactions forming <i>N,N-</i>dialkylated by-products.</p>

scholarly journals Isomerization of n-C5/C6 Bioparaffins to Gasoline Components with High Octane Number

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenő Hancsók ◽  
Tamás Kasza ◽  
Olivér Visnyei
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Boiling Range ◽  
Alternative Feedstocks ◽  
By Products

The thermal and catalytic conversion processes of alternative feedstocks (e.g., waste and biomass) to different engine fuels can result in the formation of a significant amount of light hydrocarbons as by-products in the boiling range of gasoline. The properties of these C5/C6 hydrocarbons need to be improved due to many reasons, e.g., their benzene content, and/or poor oxidation stability (high olefin content) and low octane number (<60). The aim of the research work was to increase the octane number of benzene containing C5/C6 bioparaffin fractions by catalytic isomerization. These by-products were obtained from special hydrocracking of waste cooking oil to hydrocarbons in the boiling range of aviation turbine fuels (JET fuels)/diesel fuels. Experiments were carried out in a reactor system containing down-flow tubular reactors over Pt/Al2O3/Cl and Pt/H-Mordenite/Al2O3 catalysts at 115–145 °C and 230–270 °C, respectively. Based on the results obtained at different process parameter combinations, it was concluded that the hydrogenation of benzene was complete over both catalysts, and the liquid yields were higher (ca. 98% > ca. 93 %) in the case of Pt/Al2O3/Cl. In addition, the octane number was also enhanced (ca. 32 > ca. 27 unit) in the products compared to the feedstock. This was because a higher isoparaffin content can be obtained at a lower operating temperature. Moreover, cracking side reactions take place to a lesser extent. The utilization of these isomerized bio-origin light fractions can contribute to the competitiveness of second-generation biofuels.

scholarly journals The Pace of Progress: Addressing Crimes of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the Generation After Rome

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Louise McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Rome Statute ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
By Products ◽  
Made In

When it was adopted in 1998, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) represented a significant breakthrough regarding sexual and gender-based crimes—crimes that, for centuries, had proliferated in armed conflicts but had been disregarded, mischaracterized, or misunderstood as the inevitable by-products of war or a legitimate part of its spoils. Not only did the Rome Statute explicitly treat a broad range of sexual acts as crimes against humanity and war crimes, but it also recognized gender-based violence as a crime and incorporated a number of provisions aimed at ensuring greater institutional attention to sexual and gender-based crimes. However, abstract possibilities do not always translate into concrete results, and the ICC has been slow to effectuate its innovative statutory provisions. This essay will explore some of the obstacles encountered and opportunities missed by the Court over the last twenty years, as well as highlighting welcome strides made in recent years to fulfill, at least in part, the promise of Rome.

Out

2021 ◽  
pp. 579-597
Author(s):  
You Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
By Products ◽  
Made In ◽  
Final Work

Tudor’s final work was a series of visual art made in collaboration with Sophia Ogielska. Using his old diagram of Untitled as material, Tudor aimed to make a tablature-like map detailing the actual way he performed the 1972 no-input piece. Ogielska remembers a silent concert Tudor performed using the diagram printed on transparencies and projected in human scale onto the wall of his room. At the end, they ran out of time, and Tudor had already lost his eyesight when the Maps were finally completed. However, Tudor’s insistence on specific colors on the transparencies that would cast colorful shadows, a concern that appears to have been rooted in his synesthesia, resulted in the use of special paint that, as a byproduct, enabled the blinded Tudor to touch the surface of the small-scale prototypes that Ogielska had made with his fingertips and sense the work through auxiliary channels. This fact triggers a reflection, for this entire study, which began through an accidental encounter with Tudor’s materials, has similarly been a product of countless by-products which were neither intended nor entirely fortuitous, but rather influenced from afar through many seeds planted in advance.

scholarly journals A Convenient Way for the Synthesis of Mono N-Alkylated Ethanolamine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHE LI ◽  
Changren Yan
Keyword(s):  
Side Reactions ◽  
By Products

<p><i>N-</i>alkylated ethanol amines, especially the <i>N-</i>monoalkylated ethanol amines, feature widely applications in industries. This manuscript would introduce a new methodology to prepare <i>N-</i>monoalkylated ethanol amine derivatives that could avoid potential side reactions forming <i>N,N-</i>dialkylated by-products.</p>

Alkylene oxide poylmerizations: identification of side reactions and by-products

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Malik ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Akbar Khan ◽  
Sana Rahim ◽  
Rubina Abdul-Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Reactions ◽  
Alkylene Oxide ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Coldpressed Citrus Oil Recovery

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Waters
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
By Products ◽  
Made In

Coldpressed oil is one of the few by-products derived from the peel of the fruit which has continued to be economical to produce over the last couple of decades. Although the basic oil recovery process has been around for perhaps a century or more, technological advances have been made in more recent years in the development of more efficient processes and machine designs in terms of capacities, water conservation, effluent disposal, and automation. The basics of operating a coldpressed oil recovery system using some of the current technology will be discussed in this paper. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Engineered Microbes for Pigment Production Using Waste Biomass

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba Usmani ◽  
Minaxi Sharma ◽  
Surya Sudheer ◽  
Vijai K. Gupta ◽  
Rajeev Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Microbial Systems ◽  
By Products ◽  
Made In ◽  
Value Added Products

Agri-food waste biomass is the most abundant organic waste and has high valorisation potential for sustainable bioproducts development. These wastes are not only recyclable in nature but are also rich sources of bioactive carbohydrates, peptides, pigments, polyphenols, vitamins, natural antioxidants, etc. Bioconversion of agri-food waste to value-added products is very important towards zero waste and circular economy concepts. To reduce the environmental burden, food researchers are seeking strategies to utilize this waste for microbial pigments production and further biotechnological exploitation in functional foods or value-added products. Microbes are valuable sources for a range of bioactive molecules, including microbial pigments production through fermentation and/or utilisation of waste. Here, we have reviewed some of the recent advancements made in important bioengineering technologies to develop engineered microbial systems for enhanced pigments production using agrifood wastes biomass/by-products as substrates in a sustainable way.

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