scholarly journals Attosecond spectroscopy of liquid water

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6506) ◽  
pp. 974-979
Author(s):  
Inga Jordan ◽  
Martin Huppert ◽  
Dominik Rattenbacher ◽  
Michael Peper ◽  
Denis Jelovina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Delay Sensitive ◽  
Electronic Dynamics ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Attosecond Spectroscopy

Electronic dynamics in liquids are of fundamental importance, but time-resolved experiments have so far remained limited to the femtosecond time scale. We report the extension of attosecond spectroscopy to the liquid phase. We measured time delays of 50 to 70 attoseconds between the photoemission from liquid water and that from gaseous water at photon energies of 21.7 to 31.0 electron volts. These photoemission delays can be decomposed into a photoionization delay sensitive to the local environment and a delay originating from electron transport. In our experiments, the latter contribution is shown to be negligible. By referencing liquid water to gaseous water, we isolated the effect of solvation on the attosecond photoionization dynamics of water molecules. Our methods define an approach to separating bound and unbound electron dynamics from the structural response of the solvent.

scholarly journals Role of Tf2N− anions in the ionic liquid–water distribution of europium(iii) chelates

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 7610-7618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Okamura ◽  
Noboru Aoyagi ◽  
Kojiro Shimojo ◽  
Hirochika Naganawa ◽  
Hisanori Imura
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Water Saturated

The replacement of water molecules of [Eu(tta)3(H2O)3] with Tf2N− was evidenced in water-saturated [Cnmim][Tf2N] by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Effects of Sensory Rhodopsin II Complexation with its Cognate Transducer HtrII on the Local Environment of Internal Water Molecules

2010 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 287a
Author(s):  
Mikkel Jensen ◽  
Erica C. Saint Clair ◽  
Alan Gabel ◽  
Vladislav B. Bergo ◽  
Elena N. Spudich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Sensory Rhodopsin ◽  
Internal Water

scholarly journals Time-resolved ARPES Determination of a Quasi-Particle Band Gap and Hot Electron Dynamics in Monolayer MoS2

Nano Letters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 7363-7370
Author(s):  
Woojoo Lee ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Li-Syuan Lu ◽  
Wei-Chen Chueh ◽  
Mengke Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Hot Electron ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Monolayer Mos2 ◽  
Quasi Particle ◽  
Time Resolved

Effects of Downstream Vane Bowing and Asymmetry on Unsteadiness in a Transonic Turbine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Clark ◽  
Richard J. Anthony ◽  
Michael K. Ooten ◽  
John M. Finnegan ◽  
P. Dean Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Shock Interactions ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Transonic Turbine

Accurate predictions of unsteady forcing on turbine blades are essential for the avoidance of high-cycle-fatigue issues during turbine engine development. Further, if one can demonstrate that predictions of unsteady interaction in a turbine are accurate, then it becomes possible to anticipate resonant-stress problems and mitigate them through aerodynamic design changes during the development cycle. A successful reduction in unsteady forcing for a transonic turbine with significant shock interactions due to downstream components is presented here. A pair of methods to reduce the unsteadiness was considered and rigorously analyzed using a three-dimensional, time resolved Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver. The first method relied on the physics of shock reflections itself and involved altering the stacking of downstream components to achieve a bowed airfoil. The second method considered was circumferentially-asymmetric vane spacing which is well known to spread the unsteadiness due to vane-blade interaction over a range of frequencies. Both methods of forcing reduction were analyzed separately and predicted to reduce unsteady pressures on the blade as intended. Then, both design changes were implemented together in a transonic turbine experiment and successfully shown to manipulate the blade unsteadiness in keeping with the design-level predictions. This demonstration was accomplished through comparisons of measured time-resolved pressures on the turbine blade to others obtained in a baseline experiment that included neither asymmetric spacing nor bowing of the downstream vane. The measured data were further compared to rigorous post-test simulations of the complete turbine annulus including a bowed downstream vane of non-uniform pitch.

scholarly journals Thulium-Doped Silica Fibers with Enhanced Fluorescence Lifetime and Their Application in Ultrafast Fiber Lasers

Fibers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Cajzl ◽  
Pavel Peterka ◽  
Maciej Kowalczyk ◽  
Jan Tarka ◽  
Grzegorz Sobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetimes ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Relaxation Energy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Conventional Solution

In this work we report on the thulium-doped silica-based optical fibers with increased fluorescence lifetime of the 3F4 level thanks to the modification of the local environment of thulium ions by high content of alumina. The determination of the cross-relaxation energy-transfer coefficients from the measurements of the fluorescence lifetimes of the 3F4 and 3H4 energy levels of Tm3+ ions in the experimentally prepared optical fiber is provided as well. Preforms of optical fibers were prepared either by conventional solution-doping of Tm3+ and Al3+ ions or by dispersion-doping of Tm3+ ions with alumina nanoparticles. Optical fibers were characterized by means of Tm, Al, and Ge concentrations, refractive index profiles, optical spectral absorption and luminescence, and by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Highly aluminium-codoped thulium silicate optical fibers exhibited fluorescence lifetimes of over ~500 μs with maximum value of 756 μs, which means a fluorescence lifetime enhancement when compared to the thulium-doped fibers reported elsewhere. We show an application of the thulium-doped fiber in a compact all-fiber ring laser that is passively mode-locked by using graphene-based saturable absorber. The output pulsewidth and repetition rate were 905 fs and 32.67 MHz, respectively.

scholarly journals Time-resolved observation of the Eigen cation in liquid water

2007 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 034511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Amir ◽  
Guilhem Gallot ◽  
François Hache ◽  
S. Bratos ◽  
J.-C. Leicknam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Time Resolved

scholarly journals Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of infrared-laser-induced temperature jumps in liquid water

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gavrila ◽  
K. Godehusen ◽  
C. Weniger ◽  
E. T. J. Nibbering ◽  
T. Elsaesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Jumps ◽  
X Ray Absorption
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