Echolocation in soft-furred tree mice

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 372 (6548) ◽  
pp. eaay1513
Author(s):  
Kai He ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Dong-Ming Xu ◽  
Fei-Yan Qi ◽  
Jing Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Portion ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Echolocation is the use of reflected sound to sense features of the environment. Here, we show that soft-furred tree mice (Typhlomys) echolocate based on multiple independent lines of evidence. Behavioral experiments show that these mice can locate and avoid obstacles in darkness using hearing and ultrasonic pulses. The proximal portion of their stylohyal bone fuses with the tympanic bone, a form previously only seen in laryngeally echolocating bats. Further, we found convergence of hearing-related genes across the genome and of the echolocation-related gene prestin between soft-furred tree mice and echolocating mammals. Together, our findings suggest that soft-furred tree mice are capable of echolocation, and thus are a new lineage of echolocating mammals.

Fluency: A trigger of familiarity for relational representations?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talya Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Memory Model ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract According to Bastin et al.’s integrative memory model, familiarity may be attributed to both entity representations and relational representations. However, the model does not specify what triggers familiarity for relational representations. I argue that fluency is a key player in the attribution of familiarity regardless of the type of representation. Two lines of evidence are reviewed in support of my claim.

Khat affects apoptosis and related gene XIAP and Smac expression following transient focal ischemia in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S16-S16
Author(s):  
Fang‑fang Bi ◽  
Hadi M. Mujlli ◽  
Yue‑qiang Hu ◽  
Fa‑fa Tian ◽  
Zhi‑guo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Ischemia ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Transient Focal Ischemia

The expressivity dimension of speech is the basis of the expression dimension. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Hesling
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Word List ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
List Processing ◽  
The Right

The modalities of communication are the sum of the expression dimension (linguistics) and the expressivity dimension (prosody), both being equally important in language communication. The expressivity dimension which comes first in the act of speech, is the basis on which phonemes, syllables, words, grammar and morphosyntax, i.e., the expression dimension of speech is superimposed. We will review evidence (1) revealing the importance of prosody in language acquisition and (2) showing that prosody triggers the involvement of specific brain areas dedicated to sentences and word-list processing. To support the first point, we will not only rely on experimental psychology studies conducted in newborns and young children but also on neuroimaging studies that have helped to validate these behavioral experiments. Then, neuroimaging data on adults will allow for concluding that the expressivity dimension of speech modulates both the right hemisphere prosodic areas and the left hemisphere network in charge of the expression dimension

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