scholarly journals Restoring auditory cortex plasticity in adult mice by restricting thalamic adenosine signaling

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 356 (6345) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Blundon ◽  
Noah C. Roy ◽  
Brett J. W. Teubner ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Tae-Yeon Eom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Tone Discrimination ◽  
Adenosine Signaling

Circuits in the auditory cortex are highly susceptible to acoustic influences during an early postnatal critical period. The auditory cortex selectively expands neural representations of enriched acoustic stimuli, a process important for human language acquisition. Adults lack this plasticity. Here we show in the murine auditory cortex that juvenile plasticity can be reestablished in adulthood if acoustic stimuli are paired with disruption of ecto-5′-nucleotidase–dependent adenosine production or A1–adenosine receptor signaling in the auditory thalamus. This plasticity occurs at the level of cortical maps and individual neurons in the auditory cortex of awake adult mice and is associated with long-term improvement of tone-discrimination abilities. We conclude that, in adult mice, disrupting adenosine signaling in the thalamus rejuvenates plasticity in the auditory cortex and improves auditory perception.

scholarly journals Thalamocortical Long-Term Potentiation Becomes Gated after the Early Critical Period in the Auditory Cortex

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 7345-7357 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chun ◽  
I. T. Bayazitov ◽  
J. A. Blundon ◽  
S. S. Zakharenko
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Term Potentiation

scholarly journals Prenatally traumatized mice reveal hippocampal methylation and expression changes of the stress-related genes Crhr1 and Fkbp5

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Christine Plank ◽  
Stefan Frey ◽  
Lukas Andreas Basedow ◽  
Jalal Solati ◽  
Fabio Canneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fk506 Binding Protein ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Long Term Impact

AbstractIn our previous study, we found that prenatal trauma exposure leads to an anxiety phenotype in mouse pups, characterized by increased corticosterone levels and increased anxiety-like behavior. In order to understand the mechanisms by which aversive in utero experience leads to these long-lasting behavioral and neuroendocrine changes, we investigated stress reactivity of prenatally traumatized (PT) mice, as well as the expression and methylation levels of several key regulatory genes of the stress axis in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) of the PT embryo and adult mice. We detected increased corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) and decreased FK506 binding protein 5 (Fkbp5) mRNA levels in the left dHPC of adult PT mice. These alterations were accompanied by a decreased methylation status of the Crhr1 promoter and an increased methylation status of the Fkbp5 promoter, respectively. Interestingly, the changes in Fkbp5 and Crhr1 mRNA levels were not detected in the embryonic dHPC of PT mice. Together, our findings provide evidence that prenatal trauma has a long-term impact on stress axis function and anxiety phenotype associated with altered Crhr1 and Fkbp5 transcripts and promoter methylation.

Hippocampal long-term potentiation in adult mice after recovery from ketamine anesthesia

Lab Animal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia O. Ribeiro ◽  
Henrique B. Silva ◽  
Ângelo R. Tomé ◽  
Rodrigo A. Cunha ◽  
Luís M. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia

scholarly journals Neural representations of own-voice in the human auditory cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Hosaka ◽  
Marino Kimura ◽  
Yuko Yotsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Human Auditory Cortex ◽  
The Voice

AbstractWe have a keen sensitivity when it comes to the perception of our own voices. We can detect not only the differences between ourselves and others, but also slight modifications of our own voices. Here, we examined the neural correlates underlying such sensitive perception of one’s own voice. In the experiments, we modified the subjects’ own voices by using five types of filters. The subjects rated the similarity of the presented voices to their own. We compared BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) signals between the voices that subjects rated as least similar to their own voice and those they rated as most similar. The contrast revealed that the bilateral superior temporal gyrus exhibited greater activities while listening to the voice least similar to their own voice and lesser activation while listening to the voice most similar to their own. Our results suggest that the superior temporal gyrus is involved in neural sharpening for the own-voice. The lesser degree of activations observed by the voices that were similar to the own-voice indicates that these areas not only respond to the differences between self and others, but also respond to the finer details of own-voices.

Central Auditory Processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef P. Rauschecker
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Visible Part ◽  
Auditory Object ◽  
Mother’S Voice ◽  
The Brain

When one talks about hearing, some may first imagine the auricle (or external ear), which is the only visible part of the auditory system in humans and other mammals. Its shape and size vary among people, but it does not tell us much about a person’s abilities to hear (except perhaps their ability to localize sounds in space, where the shape of the auricle plays a certain role). Most of what is used for hearing is inside the head, particularly in the brain. The inner ear transforms mechanical vibrations into electrical signals; then the auditory nerve sends these signals into the brainstem, where intricate preprocessing occurs. Although auditory brainstem mechanisms are an important part of central auditory processing, it is the processing taking place in the cerebral cortex (with the thalamus as the mediator), which enables auditory perception and cognition. Human speech and the appreciation of music can hardly be imagined without a complex cortical network of specialized regions, each contributing different aspects of auditory cognitive abilities. During the evolution of these abilities in higher vertebrates, especially birds and mammals, the cortex played a crucial role, so a great deal of what is referred to as central auditory processing happens there. Whether it is the recognition of one’s mother’s voice, listening to Pavarotti singing or Yo-Yo Ma playing the cello, hearing or reading Shakespeare’s sonnets, it will evoke electrical vibrations in the auditory cortex, but it does not end there. Large parts of frontal and parietal cortex receive auditory signals originating in auditory cortex, forming processing streams for auditory object recognition and auditory-motor control, before being channeled into other parts of the brain for comprehension and enjoyment.

Modulation of Level Response Areas and Stimulus Selectivity of Neurons in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 2263-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Zhang ◽  
Kyle T. Nakamoto ◽  
Leonard M. Kitzes
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Conditioning Stimulus ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Preceding Stimulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Static Level ◽  
Response Area

Sounds commonly occur in sequences, such as in speech. It is therefore important to understand how the occurrence of one sound affects the response to a subsequent sound. We approached this question by determining how a conditioning stimulus alters the response areas of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of barbiturate-anesthetized cats. The response areas consisted of responses to stimuli that varied in level at the two ears and delivered at the characteristic frequency of each cell. A binaural conditioning stimulus was then presented ≥50 ms before each of the stimuli comprising the level response area. An effective preceding stimulus alters the shape and severely reduces the size and response magnitude of the level response area. This ability of the preceding stimulus depends on its proximity in the level domain to the level response area, not on its absolute level or on the size of the response it evokes. Preceding stimuli evoke a nonlinear inhibition across the level response area that results in an increased selectivity of a cortical neuron for its preferred binaural stimuli. The selectivity of AI neurons during the processing of a stream of acoustic stimuli is likely to be restricted to a portion of their level response areas apparent in the tone-alone condition. Thus rather than being static, level response areas are fluid; they can vary greatly in extent, shape and response magnitude. The dynamic modulation of the level response area and level selectivity of AI neurons might be related to several tasks confronting the central auditory system.

scholarly journals Nerve fibre layer degeneration and retinal ganglion cell loss long term after optic nerve crush or transection in adult mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Sánchez-Migallón ◽  
F.J. Valiente-Soriano ◽  
M. Salinas-Navarro ◽  
F.M. Nadal-Nicolás ◽  
M. Jiménez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Optic Nerve Crush ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer
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