scholarly journals Yeast volatiles double starvation survival in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabf8896
Author(s):  
Yuan Luo ◽  
Jacob C. Johnson ◽  
Tuhin S. Chakraborty ◽  
Austin Piontkowski ◽  
Christi M. Gendron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Dynamic Mechanisms ◽  
Starvation Survival ◽  
Live Yeast

Organisms make decisions based on the information they gather from their environment, the effects of which affect their fitness. Understanding how these interactions affect physiology may generate interventions that improve the length and quality of life. Here, we provide evidence that exposure to live yeast volatiles during starvation significantly extends survival, increases activity, and slows the rate of triacylglyceride (TAG) decline independent of canonical sensory perception. We demonstrate that ethanol (EtOH) is one of the active components in yeast volatiles that influences these phenotypes and that EtOH metabolites mediate dynamic mechanisms to promote Drosophila survival. Silencing R4d neurons reverses the ability of high EtOH concentrations to promote starvation survival, and their activation promotes EtOH metabolism. The transcription factor foxo promotes EtOH resistance, likely by protection from EtOH toxicity. Our results suggest that food-related cues recruit neural circuits and modulate stress signaling pathways to promote survival during starvation.

scholarly journals EARLY RESPONSIVE to DEHYDRATION 15, a new transcription factor that integrates stress signaling pathways

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo S. Alves ◽  
Elizabeth P.B. Fontes ◽  
Luciano G. Fietto
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Signaling

A phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OQL011 on VEGFR inhibitor-associated hand-foot-skin reaction in cancer patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS12132-TPS12132
Author(s):  
Mario E. Lacouture ◽  
Milan J. Anadkat ◽  
Omkar Subhash Marathe ◽  
Nicholas J. Vogelzang ◽  
Elaine Tat Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Hand Foot Skin Reaction ◽  
Dose Levels

TPS12132 Background: Hand-Foot Skin Reaction (HFSR) is frequently associated with the use of multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFRi) such as cabozantinib, regorafenib, sunitinib, and lenvatinib. HFSR affects the skin on the palms and soles and is manifested as edema, erythema, hyperkeratosis, and bullae, leading to a decrease in quality of life and interruptions in dosing. The incidence of HFSR differs among VEGFRi, ranging from 5-60% (all grades) and 1-18% (grade 3). To date, there is no FDA approved treatment for HFSR, and marginal benefit has been shown with topical urea or steroids. Although not fully elucidated, the pathogenesis of HFSR has been associated with impaired vascular repair mechanisms, caused by inhibition of VEGF signaling pathways. We hypothesize that topical stimulation of VEGFR through OQL011 will decrease the severity of HFSR symptoms via local upregulation of the VEGF/VEGFR related signaling pathways. Methods: NCT04088318 is a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OQL011 compared to vehicle control in the treatment of moderate to severe HFSR in patients on VEGFRi therapy. Eligible patients will have ≥ grade 2 palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE). The study is expected to enroll 112 patients in two parts. In the first part, 42 patients will apply 0.2% OQL011 topical ointment or vehicle control (2:1 randomization) TID for six weeks. In Part 2, 70 subjects will be randomized into two additional dose levels or vehicle control in a 2:2:1 ratio. The two dose levels selected will be based on the efficacy and safety results of Part 1. The primary efficacy endpoint is improvement of NCI CTCAE v5.0 PPE to grade ≤1 by week 3. Photographs of the affected areas will be taken at Day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 42 timepoints. Superiority test will be performed to compare treatment groups, and the exposure-response relationship will be explored. In addition, an investigator global assessment (IGA) for HFSR will be used in this trial to specifically assess skin recovery and is proposed to be a new evaluation tool. The validity of IGA criteria will be evaluated by assessing the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. The correlation between IGA, NCI CTCAE v5.0 for PPE, and patient reported outcomes including Visual Analog Scale of Pain, Hand-foot Quality of Life questionnaire will also be evaluated. This study began enrolling patients in December 2019 and is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04088318.

An observational study of effectiveness in community residential facilities

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lora ◽  
Antonio Contartese ◽  
Maurizio Franco ◽  
Maria Crocina Lo Maglio ◽  
Emanuela Molteni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Residential Facilities ◽  
Family Burden ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Post Test ◽  
One Year

SummaryAims — Evaluation of community residential facilities effectiveness in the Department of Mental Health of Desio (Milan). Method — Outcomes in symptoms, disability, family burden and quality of life were evaluated during one year through a longitudinal study, using a pre—test and post test design without control group. Results — Residential care is effective in reducing disability and symptoms, while it is not effective towards family burden. Quality of life is improved in some domains, but not in others (e.g. social and family relationships). Conclusions — Outcome assessment is feasible in residential facilities, following a multiaxial and multifactorial model. We need to clarify the goals of residential care, focussing on active components of the residential treatment.Declaration of Interestthe research project was funded by Department of Health of Regione Lombardia (DGR n. 37596 del 24.7.1998).

scholarly journals Insight of Mechanism and Signaling Pathway in Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhamidar Ab Hamid ◽  
Norsuhana Omar ◽  
Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail ◽  
Idris Long
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Common

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The features of DN include allodynia, hyperalgesia, abnormal or loss of sensation of nerve fibers. The clinical features will contribute to poor quality of life, disrupt sleep, lead to depression, and increases mortality. Current drug treatments have been shown to alleviate the symptoms of DN but failed to treat the underlying causes of DN. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of DN is needed for early diagnosis and intervention and understanding the failure of existing treatments. Identification of potential mechanisms is critical for better prediction of progression and for designing preventive therapies. DN's exact pathogenesis is incomplete, although it is understood that its multifunctional dysfunction involving many signaling pathways. This review summarized the common deterioration of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in DN pathogenesis. 

scholarly journals Host Factors and Cancer Progression: Biobehavioral Signaling Pathways and Interventions

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (26) ◽  
pp. 4094-4099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Lutgendorf ◽  
Anil K. Sood ◽  
Michael H. Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Impact Pathways ◽  
As Stress

Whereas evidence for the role of psychosocial factors in cancer initiation has been equivocal, support continues to grow for links between psychological factors such as stress, depression, and social isolation and progression of cancer. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies show that stress- related processes can impact pathways implicated in cancer progression, including immuno-regulation, angiogenesis, and invasion. Contributions of systemic factors, such as stress hormones to the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells, appear to be critical in modulating downstream signaling pathways with important implications for disease progression. Inflammatory pathways may also be implicated in fatigue and other factors related to quality of life. Although substantial evidence supports a positive effect of psychosocial interventions on quality of life in cancer, the clinical evidence for efficacy of stress-modulating psychosocial interventions in slowing cancer progression remains inconclusive, and the biobehavioral mechanisms that might explain such effects are still being established. This article reviews research findings to date and outlines future avenues of research in this area.

scholarly journals Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Song ◽  
Dehai Xian ◽  
Lingyu Yang ◽  
Xia Xiong ◽  
Rui Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Cutaneous Symptom

Pruritus, the most common cutaneous symptom, is widely seen in many skin complaints. It is an uncomfortable feeling on the skin and sometimes impairs patients’ quality of life. At present, the specific mechanism of pruritus still remains unclear. Antihistamines, which are usually used to relieve pruritus, ineffectively work in some patients with itching. Recent evidence has suggested that, apart from histamine, many mediators and signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus. Various therapeutic options for itching correspondingly have been developed. In this review, we summarize the updated pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for pruritus.

scholarly journals Antifatigue Functions and Mechanisms of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Geng ◽  
Ka-Chai Siu ◽  
Zhaomei Wang ◽  
Jian-Yong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Human Fatigue ◽  
Edible And Medicinal Mushrooms

Fatigue is the symptom of tiredness caused by physical and/or psychological stresses. As fatigue is becoming a serious problem in the modern society affecting human health, work efficiency, and quality of life, effective antifatigue remedies other than pharmacological drugs or therapies are highly needed. Mushrooms have been widely used as health foods, because of their various bioactive constituents such as polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. This paper reviews the major findings from previous studies on the antifatigue effects, the active components of mushrooms, and the possible mechanisms. Many studies have demonstrated the antifatigue effects of edible and medicinal mushrooms. These mushrooms probably mitigate human fatigue through effects on the functional systems, including the muscular, cardiovascular, hormone, and immune system. The bioactive constituents that contribute to the antifatigue effects of mushrooms may include polysaccharides, peptides, nucleosides, phenolic compounds, and triterpenoids. Further research is still needed to identify the active ingredients and to investigate their mechanism of action on the antifatigue effects. Since most previous studies have been carried out in animal models, more human trials should be performed to verify the antifatigue function of edible and medicinal mushrooms.

Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Improves Quality of Life for People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512515369p1-7512515369p1
Author(s):  
Rebecca Martin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) is a novel mechanism to excite spinal neural circuits and unmask latent voluntary function. This research presentation will discuss outcomes associated with an 8-week trial combining TSCS with therapy. Participants improved in walking function, bowel and bladder function, and sensation with commensurate improvements in quality of life. TSCS is a feasible, meaningful intervention for patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Primary Author and Speaker: Rebecca Martin

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-690
Author(s):  
C. S. Vanaja ◽  
Miriam Soni Abigail
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Case History ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

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