scholarly journals Microbiota control of maternal behavior regulates early postnatal growth of offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. eabe6563
Author(s):  
Yujung Michelle Lee ◽  
Andre Mu ◽  
Martina Wallace ◽  
Jivani M. Gengatharan ◽  
Annalee J. Furst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Postnatal Stage ◽  
Early Postnatal Stage

Maternal behavior is necessary for optimal development and growth of offspring. The intestinal microbiota has emerged as a critical regulator of growth and development in the early postnatal period life. Here, we describe the identification of an intestinal Escherichia coli strain that is pathogenic to the maternal-offspring system during the early postnatal stage of life and results in growth stunting of the offspring. However, rather than having a direct pathogenic effect on the infant, we found that this particular E. coli strain was pathogenic to the dams by interfering with the maturation of maternal behavior. This resulted in malnourishment of the pups and impaired insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling, leading to the consequential stunted growth. Our work provides a new understanding of how the microbiota regulates postnatal growth and an additional variable that must be considered when studying the regulation of maternal behavior.

scholarly journals Microbiota control of maternal behavior regulates early postnatal growth of offspring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujung Michelle Lee ◽  
Martina Wallace ◽  
Jivani M. Gengatharan ◽  
Annalee J. Furst ◽  
Lars Bode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Early Postnatal Period ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neuroendocrine Responses ◽  
Postnatal Stage ◽  
Early Postnatal Stage

AbstractMaternal-offspring bonding and maturation of maternal behavior is necessary during the early postnatal period of an infant to promote optimal development and growth. The regulation of maternal behavior is multifactorial relying both on sensory cues including auditory and olfactory signals emitted by the infant and received by the mother, as well as proper neuroendocrine responses including that of the oxytocin system. The intestinal microbiota has emerged as a critical regulator of growth and development in the early postnatal period of an individual’s life. While, this is best appreciated in the context of direct interactions between the microbiota and the infant, the microbiota can indirectly influence postnatal growth and development by regulating maternal factors. Here, we describe the identification of an intestinal E. coli strain that is pathogenic to the maternal-offspring system during the early postnatal stage of life and results in growth stunting of the offspring. However, rather than having a direct pathogenic effect on the infant, we found that this particular E. coli strain was pathogenic to the dams by interfering with the maturation of maternal behavior. The poor maternal behavior resulted in malnourishment of the pups and impaired IGF-1 signaling leading to the consequential stunted growth. Our work provides a new understanding of how the microbiota regulates postnatal growth and an additional variable that must be considered when studying the regulation of maternal behavior.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Mitigation via Saponin Intervention on Escherichia coli and Growth and Development of Hydroponic Lettuce

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Eylands ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Angela M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Shoot Weight

Various saponins have demonstrated allelochemical effects such as bactericidal impacts as well as antimycotic activity against some plant pathogenic fungi, thereby acting to benefit plant growth and development. A commercial saponin solution was evaluated for bactericidal effects against Escherichia coli and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a hydroponic system. E. coli (P4, P13, and P68) inoculum at final concentration of 108 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL was added to 130 L of a fertilized solution recirculating in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system used to grow ‘Rex’ lettuce. After 5 weeks in the NFT system, E. coli populations were lowest in the inoculated treatment that did not contain any saponin addition (0.89 log cfu/mL) when compared with all other inoculated treatments (P < 0.001). The treatment containing 100 µg·mL−1 saponin extract had an E. coli population of 4.61 log cfu/mL after 5 weeks that was higher than treatments containing 25 µg·mL−1 or less (P < 0.0001). Thus, higher E. coli populations were observed at higher saponin concentrations. Plant growth was also inhibited by increasing saponin concentrations. Fresh and dry shoot weight were both higher in the inoculated and uninoculated treatments without the saponin addition after 5 weeks in the NFT system (P < 0.0001). Lettuce head diameter was smaller when exposed to saponin treatments with concentrations of 50 and 100 µg·mL−1 (P < 0.0001). Lettuce leaves were also tested for the potential of E. coli to travel systemically to the edible portions of the plant. No E. coli was found to travel in this manner. It was concluded that steroidal saponins extracted from mojave yucca (Yucca schidigera) are not an acceptable compound for use in mitigation of E. coli in hydroponic fertilizer solution due to its ineffectiveness as a bactericide and its negative impact on lettuce growth.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBES CAUSING STUNTED GROWTH IN COMMERCIAL BROILERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
M. M. Shah ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. R. Akter ◽  
R. A. Romey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Staining Techniques

The study was conducted to isolate and characterize the microbes causing stunted growth in commercial broilers from Vai-Vai Poultry Farm (Kornai, Katapara, Dinajpur), Israfil Poultry Farm (Basherhat, Dinajpur), Guljar Poultry Farm (North Sibrampur, Dinajpur) and Maa Poultry Farm (Nayanpur, Dinajpur), during the period from January 2011 to July 2011. A total of 158 samples comprising dead birds, sick birds, litter, droppings, poultry feed and drinking water were collected among them 56 (n= 56) positive samples were isolated for this study from commercial broilers and subjected to primary isolation by propagating in nutrient broth followed by culture on selective media– Brilliant Green Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar media. Gram's staining techniques were performed. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied and reaction in TSI agar slant was also observed. Among the 56 positive isolates 9 isolates were found positive for Fungi, 37 isolates were found positive for E. coli and 26 isolates were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. that are the casual factors for stunted growth in commercial broilers. Among them 16 isolates were found mixed infection with Salmonella spp. and E. coli also included in both prevalence. The prevalence of Fungi, E. coli and Salmonella spp. were recorded as 16.07%, 66.07% and 46.42% respectively. Among the microbes isolated Escherichia coli was determined as predominant bacteria (66.07%) causing stunted growth in commercial broilers than Salmonella spp. (46.42%) and Fungi (16.07%). Litter and dropping samples were the highest sources of contamination than tracheal swabs. Fungal samples were isolated from feed, litter and drinking water samples and the prevalence of Fungi were recorded as lowest (16.07%) than other microbes causing stunted growth than Escherichia coli (66.07%) and Salmonella spp. (46.42%).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15643

scholarly journals The Association of Hygiene Sanitation Storing and the Presence of Escherichia coli Bacteria at Sambel Tumpang

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutut Pujianto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Contingency Coefficient ◽  
Observational Design ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
State Of The Environment

Pecel tumpang is one of the typical traditional culinary of Kabupaten Kediri which has been known worldwide. The leftover sambel tumpang (kind of sauce) which is served in one day, usually be stored and be sold for the next day. The improper storing of it will result in the contamination of microorganisms in sambel tumpang. The occurrence of contamination in storing stage is caused by the cook/ chef hygiene, the storing sanitation treatment, the sanitation of the equipments, and the storing sanitation environment. This study aimed to analyze the association of Hygiene Sanitation Storing and the Presence of Escherichia coli Bacteria. This study used observational design with cross-sectional approach. It was conducted on 15 nasi pecel tumpang vendors in kampong Inggris. The analysis of the association between storing sanitation and the presence of E.coli used the contingency coefficient test (α=5%). The results of the association analysis between storing sanitation and the presence of E. coli were as follows: there was no association between cook/chef hygiene with the presence of E. coli, there was no association between storing treatment and the presence of E. coli, there was no association between sanitation of the equipment and the presence of E. coli , there was a significant association between storing sanitation environment and the presence of E. coli. The condition of storing sanitation environment of sambel tumpang in Kampung Inggris was very supportive to the growth and development of the microorganism, both bacteria and mold. The environmental conditions included moist air, non waterproof floor, the source of contaminants such as waste, and the presence of insects / flies. In order to prevent the contamination of E. coli, the vendors must pay attention to the state of the environment. The storing environment of sambel tumpang should always be freed from trash and insects / flies, and never forget to secure and close the sambal tumpang

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

The Influence of Glycosylation on the Catalytic and Fibrinolytic Properties of Pro-Urokinase

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (05) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lenich ◽  
Ralph Pannell ◽  
Jack Henkin ◽  
Victor Gurewich
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mammalian Cell Culture ◽  
Glycosylation Site ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Uk

SummaryWe previously found that human pro-UK expressed in Escherichia coli is more active in fibrinolysis than recombinant human pro-UK obtained from mammalian cell culture media. To determine whether this difference is related to the lack of glycosylation of the E. coli product, we compared the activity of E. coli-derived pro-UK [(-)pro-UK] with that of a glycosylated pro-UK [(+)pro-UK] and of a mutant of pro-UK missing the glycosylation site at Asn-302 [(-) (302) pro-UK]. The latter two pro-UKs were obtained by expression of the human gene in a mammalian cell. The nonglycosylated pro-UKs were activated by plasmin more efficiently (≈2-fold) and were more active in clot lysis (1.5-fold) than the (+)pro-UK. Similarly, the nonglycosylated two-chain derivatives (UKs) were more active against plasminogen and were more rapidly inactivated by plasma inhibitors than the (+)UK.These findings indicate that glycosylation at Asn-302 influences the activity of pro-UK/UK and could be the major factor responsible for the enhanced activity of E. coli-derived pro-UK.

Usefulness of a Multiplex PCR for Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in a Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory Setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairun Nessa ◽  
Dilruba Ahmed ◽  
Johirul Islam ◽  
FM Lutful Kabir ◽  
M Anowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology

A multiplex PCR assay was evaluated for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool samples of patients with diarrhoea submitted to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Two procedures of DNA template preparationproteinase K buffer method and the boiling method were evaluated to examine isolates of E. coli from 150 selected diarrhoeal cases. By proteinase K buffer method, 119 strains (79.3%) of E. coli were characterized to various categories by their genes that included 55.5% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 18.5% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 1.7% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 0.8% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Although boiling method was less time consuming (<24 hrs) and less costly (<8.0 US $/ per test) but was less efficient in typing E. coli compared to proteinase K method (41.3% vs. 79.3% ; p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of boiling method compared to proteinase K method was 48.7% and 87.1% while the positive and negative predictive value was 93.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The majority of pathogenic E. coli were detected in children (78.0%) under five years age with 53.3% under one year, and 68.7% of the children were male. Children under 5 years age were frequently infected with EAEC (71.6%) compared to ETEC (24.3%), EPEC (2.7%) and STEC (1.4%). The multiplex PCR assay could be effectively used as a rapid diagnostic tool for characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli using a single reaction tube in the clinical laboratory setting.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 38-42

Antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from various sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
A. N. Irkitova ◽  
A. V. Grebenshchikova ◽  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Agar Media

<p>An important link in solving the problem of healthy food is the intensification of the livestock, poultry and fish farming, which is possible only in the adoption and rigorous implementation of the concept of rational feeding of animals. In the implementation of this concept required is the application of probiotic preparations. Currently, there is an increased interest in spore probiotics. In many ways, this can be explained by the fact that they use no vegetative forms of the bacilli and their spores. This property provides spore probiotics a number of advantages: they are not whimsical, easily could be selected, cultivated, and dried. Moreover, they are resistant to various factors and could remain viable during a long period. One of the most famous spore microorganisms, which are widely used in agriculture, is <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. Among the requirements imposed to probiotic microorganisms is mandatory – antagonistic activity to pathogenic and conditional-pathogenic microflora. The article presents the results of the analysis of antagonistic activity of collection strains of <em>B. subtilis</em>, and strains isolated from commercial preparations. We studied the antagonistic activity on agar and liquid nutrient medias to trigger different antagonism mechanisms of <em>B. subtilis</em>. On agar media, we applied three diffusion methods: perpendicular bands, agar blocks, agar wells. We also applied the method of co-incubating the test culture (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) and the antagonist (or its supernatant) in the nutrient broth. Our results demonstrated that all our explored strains of <em>B. subtilis</em> have antimicrobial activity against a wild strain of <em>E. coli</em>, but to varying degrees. We identified strains of <em>B. subtilis</em> with the highest antagonistic effect that can be recommended for inclusion in microbial preparations for agriculture.</p><p><em><br /></em><em></em></p>

NGHIÊN CỨU KHẢ NĂNG BẤT HOẠT ESCHERICHIA COLI TRONG NƯỚC BẰNG TIA CỰC TÍM VỚI SỰ HỖ TRỢ CỦA THIẾT BỊ TẠO MÀNG CHẤT LỎNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đặng Thị Thanh Lộc ◽  
Lê Văn Tuấn
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli

Công nghệ khử trùng nước không tạo ra các sản phẩm phụ độc hại ngày càng thu hút nhiều quan tâm nghiên cứu trong những năm gần đây. Nghiên cứu này trình bày kết quả khử trùng Escherichia coli trong nước bằng tia UV kết hợp với thiết bị tạo màng chất lỏng (LFFA). Sự nhạy cảm của vi khuẩn với sự khử trùng bằng UV hoặc UV/LFFA được xác định tại các điều kiện khác nhau của liều UV, tốc độ sục khí và mật độ ban đầu của vi khuẩn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy khử trùng bằng tia UV kết hợp với LFFA mang lại hiệu quả khử trùng cao hơn so với UV thông thường. Cụ thể, sự kết hợp của UV (liều UV = 20,83 mJ/cm2 và nhiệt độ phòng) và LFFA (tốc độ sục khí = 1,5 L/phút) đã bất hoạt hoàn toàn 5,4 log E. coli trong vòng 60 phút. Trong khi tại cùng một liều UV tương tự, khử trùng bằng tia UV chỉ giảm được 4,3 log vi khuẩn sau 75 phút. Nghiên cứu này hứa hẹn một khả năng áp dụng phương pháp hiệu quả để tăng cường hoạt tính diệt khuẩn của tia UV, nhằm giải quyết các mối quan tâm gần đây trong khử trùng nước.

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