scholarly journals Artificial stimulus-response system capable of conscious response

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. eabe3996
Author(s):  
Seongchan Kim ◽  
Dong Gue Roe ◽  
Yoon Young Choi ◽  
Hwije Woo ◽  
Joongpill Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Artificial Neuron ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Response System ◽  
Artificial Stimulus ◽  
Artificial Synapse ◽  
New Research ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Visual Receptor

A stimulus-response system and conscious response enable humans to respond effectively to environmental changes and external stimuli. This paper presents an artificial stimulus-response system that is inspired by human conscious response and is capable of emulating it. The system is composed of an artificial visual receptor, artificial synapse, artificial neuron circuits, and actuator. By incorporating these artificial nervous components, a series of conscious response processes that markedly reduces response time as a result of learning from repeated stimuli are demonstrated. The proposed artificial stimulus-response system offers the promise of a new research field that would aid the development of artificial intelligence–based organs for patients with neurological disorders.

Wspólnota semantyczno-leksykalna języków europejskich. O monografii: А.А. Кретов, О.М. Воевудская, И.А. Меркулова, В.Т. Титов, Единство Европы по данным лексики (Воронеж: Издательский дом ВГУ, 2016, ss. 413 [1])

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (XXIII) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theoretical Linguistics ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
New Research

This article outlines the original research concept developed and applied by the Voronezh researchers, which brought both quantitative and qualitative results to the field of linguistic comparative research. Their monograph is devoted to the macrotypological unity of the lexical semantics of the languages in Europe. In addition, semantic stratification of Russian and Polish lexis has been analyzed. Their research concept is now known as the “lexical-semantic macrotypological school of Voronezh.” Representatives of this school have created a new research field in theoretical linguistics – a lexical-semantic language macrotypology as a branch of linguistic typology. The monograph has been widely discussed and reviewed in Russia.

Judicial geography as a legal science and academic discipline

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-137
Author(s):  
Almaz F. Abdulvaliev
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
New Research

This article presents the conceptual foundations for the formation of a new research field “Judicial Geography”, including the prerequisites for its creation, academic, and theoretical development, both in Russia and abroad. The purpose of the study is to study the possibility of applying geographical methods and means in criminal law, criminal procedure, and in judicial activity in general via the academic direction “Judicial Geography”. The author describes in detail the main elements of judicial geography and its role and significance for such legal sciences, as criminal law, criminal procedure, criminalistics, and criminology among others. The employed research methods allow showing the main vectors of the development of judicial geography, taking into account the previous achievements of Russian and worldwide academics. The author indicates the role and place of judicial geography in the system of legal sciences. This study suggests a concept of using scientific geographical methods in the study of various legal phenomena of a criminal and criminal-procedural nature when considering the idea of building judicial bodies and judicial instances, taking into account geographical and climatic factors. In this regard, the author advises to introduce the special course “Judicial Geography”, which would allow law students to study the specifics of the activities of the judiciary and preliminary investigation authorities from a geographical point of view, as well as to use various geographical methods, including the mapping method, in educational and practical activities. The author concludes that forensic geography may become a new milestone for subsequent scientific research in geography and jurisprudence.

scholarly journals Somatosensory perception–action binding in Tourette syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Friedrich ◽  
Henriette Spaleck ◽  
Ronja Schappert ◽  
Maximilian Kleimaker ◽  
Julius Verrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Saliency ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Perception Action

AbstractIt is a common phenomenon that somatosensory sensations can trigger actions to alleviate experienced tension. Such “urges” are particularly relevant in patients with Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) syndrome since they often precede tics, the cardinal feature of this common neurodevelopmental disorder. Altered sensorimotor integration processes in GTS as well as evidence for increased binding of stimulus- and response-related features (“hyper-binding”) in the visual domain suggest enhanced perception–action binding also in the somatosensory modality. In the current study, the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) was used as an overarching cognitive framework to examine somatosensory-motor binding. For this purpose, a somatosensory-motor version of a task measuring stimulus–response binding (S-R task) was tested using electro-tactile stimuli. Contrary to the main hypothesis, there were no group differences in binding effects between GTS patients and healthy controls in the somatosensory-motor paradigm. Behavioral data did not indicate differences in binding between examined groups. These data can be interpreted such that a compensatory “downregulation” of increased somatosensory stimulus saliency, e.g., due to the occurrence of somatosensory urges and hypersensitivity to external stimuli, results in reduced binding with associated motor output, which brings binding to a “normal” level. Therefore, “hyper-binding” in GTS seems to be modality-specific.

Improvement of Superplasticity in Fine-Grained Oxide Ceramics Based on the Concept of Grain Boundary Plasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 838-839 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Hidehiro Yoshida ◽  
Koji Morita ◽  
Byung Nam Kim ◽  
Koji Matsui ◽  
Yuichi Ikuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Oxide Ceramics ◽  
Cavity Nucleation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Experimental Strain ◽  
New Research

Superplasticity in fine-grained oxide ceramics has been generally elucidated on the basis of their experimental strain rate-flow stress relationship and phenomenological analysis of cavity nucleation and growth. It has been widely accepted that the high temperature superplastic flow and failure in ceramics is significantly influenced by the atomic structure and chemistry of grain boundaries. Such phenomenon cannot be explained based on the classical phenomenological analysis. Our research group has therefore proposed to establish a new research field, grain boundary plasticity, to describe the superplastic deformation related to the grain boundary atomic structure. This paper aims to point out the importance of the atomistic analysis of grain boundary to develop new superplastic ceramics.

Perceptions and pathways of resilience in Addis Ababa

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Nicole Baron ◽  
Zegeye Cherenet
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Change Resistance ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
New Research

Purpose Resilience has recently attracted widespread interest in the field of urban planning and theory. However, the research that has been conducted on urban resilience in Africa has major theoretical and methodological gaps. This can lead to problems when designing and implementing resilience strategies there. Understanding African perspectives can be a way of tackling these. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Using the example of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, this paper analyses expert interviews based on a grounded theory approach. The goal is to explore locally specific perceptions of and pathways to urban resilience. By comparing these findings to those reported in the existing literature, differences and overlaps are identified. Findings This study provides evidence for the existence of locally specific perceptions of and pathways to urban resilience. Furthermore, it identifies urban development pathways such as complete urban makeover (tabula rasa) and complete negation of change (resistance). Research limitations/implications Because this study uses Addis Ababa as a singular case and expert interviews as method, it rather represents an initial attempt at exploring a new research field than claiming generalisability. Its quality and significance lie in its discursive approach and theory formation. Practical implications This exemplary study from Ethiopia demonstrates that a regionally specific understanding of urban resilience is valuable for the design and implementation of urban resilience strategies. Originality/value This study offers unique insights into urban resilience from an African perspective and into the manifestation of urban resilience in Addis Ababa.

Research Approaches in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharrenos Bratitsis ◽  
Stavros Demetriadis
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Online Distance Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
How People Learn ◽  
Online Distance ◽  
New Research

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is concerned with how people learn when working and interacting in groups with the assistance of ICTs. The field involves collaboration, computer mediation, online – distance education which raises interesting theoretical considerations regarding the actual studying of learning within CSCL settings. Being a rather interdisciplinary research field in nature, it has a long history of controversy about its theory, methods, and definition. In this editorial, through a quick review of the literature the diversity of issues examined under the CSCL research field becomes obvious. Moreover, an attempt to categorize these research issues is made. In this vein, the four interesting contributions of this Special Issue, regarding theoretical perspectives and issues of research of the field, are introduced. They comply with the distinguished categories, but they open new research borders as well.

scholarly journals Corporate Entrepreneurship in the Digital Era: The Cascading Effect through Operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheshkumar P. Joshi ◽  
Ravi Kathuria ◽  
Sidhartha Das
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
New Research ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Sequential Relationship

This study examines a firm’s response to perceived changes in the environment, such as the growth of the digital era, at different levels of a firm—beginning with the adoption of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) down to process renewal (PR). We further explore if the technological intensity of a firm, high-tech or low-tech intensity, influences its choice of mode for organisational renewal (OR)—use of internal competence or outside acquisition—to exploit the opportunities created by the digital era. Using survey data from 170 firms, we test a sequential relationship among environmental changes (growth of the digital era), CE, OR and finally PR that involves operating procedures at the functional level. We conclude by identifying the study’s interdisciplinary contributions, which open new research avenues in the field of CE.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Most-Cited Systematic Review or Meta-Analysis in Acupuncture Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Yuxi Li ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Yonggang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Maryland School ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Acupuncture Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The University

Objectives. The aim of the current study was to analyze the 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the field of acupuncture research. Methods. The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve lists of 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the field of acupuncture research. Two authors screened literature, extracted data, and analyzed the results. Results. The citation number of the 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses varied from 65 to 577; they were published between 1989 and 2018. Fourteen authors published more than 1 study as the corresponding author and 10 authors published more than 1 study as the first author. In terms of the corresponding authors, Edzard Ernst and Linde Klaus published the most systematic reviews/meta-analyses (n = 7). The USA published most of the systematic reviews or meta-analyses (n = 24), followed by England (n = 23) and China (n = 14). Most institutions with more than 1 study were from England (4/13). The institutions with the largest numbers of most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses were the Technical University of Munich in Germany, the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the USA (n = 8), the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth in England (n = 6), and the University of Exeter in England (n = 6). The journal with the largest number of most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses was the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (n = 20), followed by Pain (n = 6). Conclusion. Our study reveals that the 100 most-cited systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the acupuncture research field are mostly from high impact factor journals and developed countries. It will help researchers follow research hot spots, broaden their research scope, expand their academic horizons, and explore new research ideas, thereby improving the quality of acupuncture research.

scholarly journals Percepcja i projekcja krajobrazu: teorie, zastosowania, oczekiwania = Perception and projection of the landscape: theories, applications, expectations

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-384
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jan Chmielewski ◽  
Szymon Chmielewski ◽  
Agnieszka Kułak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Landscape Perception ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Space Projection ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
New Research ◽  
Opening Up

The human species transforms the landscape to meet its needs, but landscape resources and valuable features at the same time affect wellbeing in the context of human activity. In these mutually conditioned interactions, two processes playing a key role are the so-called landscape perception and landscape projection. This article presents: (1) a review of theories playing a key role in the development of knowledge on landscape perception; (2) the basis for landscape projection as a logical and creative continuation of perception processes; (3) an outline of the theory of physiognomic landscape structure and of possibilities for it to gain practical application; (4) the results of the first Polish research into the public’s expectations where quality of the landscape is concerned. Perception of the landscape entails the receipt of stimuli from surrounding space with the help of the senses. It serves primarily in knowledge-based transformation of landscape systems, in a manner that meets ever-more exacting requirements on the part of society when it comes to living in an environment of the highest quality. Only a little scientific work has been devoted to the process of landscape projection. This is therefore a new research field, just opening up, which has the potential to give rise to a group of space-projection theories.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo no “lixão” da cidade de Pombal, Paraíba

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Naiara Angelo Gomes ◽  
José Cleidimário Araújo Leite ◽  
Camilo Allyson Simões de Farias ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira Silva ◽  
Fernanda Carolina Monteiro Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
Negative Impacts

<p>A destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos provoca diversos impactos negativos no meio ambiente, especialmente nos componentes ambientais: solo, água e ar atmosférico. Neste sentido, para que esses efeitos adversos sejam identificados, é necessário conhecer as características do ambiente na área em questão. Neste estudo, objetivou-se a elaboração de um diagnóstico ambiental qualitativo dos meios físico, biótico e antrópico da área do lixão da cidade de Pombal, Estado da Paraíba. A metodologia utilizada teve por base consultas a órgãos públicos, pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo e fotodocumentação. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se a ocorrência de várias alterações ambientais adversas significativas nos meios físico, biótico e antrópico, típicas da destinação ambientalmente inadequada de resíduos sólidos em “depósitos” a céu aberto, o que tem resultado em uma degradação ambiental local e acarretado danos sociais, sanitários e ecológicos para o município.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Qualitative Environmental diagnosis in the “dumpsite” of city Pombal, Paraíba</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Environmentally inadequate disposal of municipal solid waste causes many negative impacts on the environment, especially in the environmental components: soil, water and atmospheric air. Then, for these adverse effects were identified, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the environment in the area in question. This study aims to develop a qualitative environmental diagnosis of the physical, biotic and anthropic environment of the dumpsite of <em>Pombal</em> in state of <em>Paraíba</em>, Brazil. The methodology used in the study was based on consultations in government agencies, bibliographic research, field visits and photo documentation. According to the results, it were noted the occurrence of a number of significant adverse environmental changes in the physical, biotic and anthropic environment, typical of solid waste disposal in "deposits" at  openwork, which has resulted in a local environmental degradation and have caused social, health and ecological damage to the municipality.</p>

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