scholarly journals Rolling spinners on the water surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. eabd4632
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Gorce ◽  
Konstantin Y. Bliokh ◽  
Hua Xia ◽  
Nicolas Francois ◽  
Horst Punzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Solid Boundary ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Optical Fields ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
New Type ◽  
Spinning Bodies

Angular momentum of spinning bodies leads to their remarkable interactions with fields, waves, fluids, and solids. Orbiting celestial bodies, balls in sports, liquid droplets above a hot plate, nanoparticles in optical fields, and spinning quantum particles exhibit nontrivial rotational dynamics. Here, we report self-guided propulsion of magnetic fast-spinning particles on a liquid surface in the presence of a solid boundary. Above some critical spinning frequency, such particles generate localized 3D vortices and form composite “spinner-vortex” quasiparticles with nontrivial, yet robust dynamics. Such spinner-vortices are attracted and dynamically trapped near the boundaries, propagating along the wall of any shape similarly to “liquid wheels.” The propulsion velocity and the distance to the wall are controlled by the angular velocity of the spinner via the balance between the Magnus and wall repulsion forces. Our results offer a new type of surface vehicles and provide a powerful tool to manipulate spinning objects in fluids.

scholarly journals X-type vortex and its effect on beam shaping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Pang ◽  
Weiwei Xiao ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Xinying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Beam Shaping ◽  
Optical Fields ◽  
Intensity Pattern ◽  
Phase Gradient ◽  
Rotation Direction ◽  
3D Space ◽  
New Type ◽  
Gradient Parameter ◽  
3D Fields

Abstract In this article we propose a new type of optical vortex, the X-type vortex. This vortex inherits and develops the conventional noncanonical vortex, i.e., it no longer has a constant phase gradient around the center, while the intensity keeps invariant azimuthally. The strongly focusing properties of the Xtype vortex and its effect on the beam shaping in three-dimensional (3D) fields are analyzed. The interesting phenomena, which cannot be seen in canonical vortices, are observed, for instance the `switch effect' which shows that the intensity pattern can switch from one transverse axis to another in the focal plane by controlling the phase gradient parameter. It is shown that by adjusting the phase gradient of this vortex, the focal field can have marvelous patterns, from the doughnut shape to the shapes with different lobes, and the beam along propagation direction will form a twisting shape in 3D space with controllable rotation direction and location. The physical mechanisms underlying the rule of the beam shaping are also discussed, which generally say that the phase gradient of the X-type vortex, the orbital angular momentum, the polarization and the `nongeneric' characteristic contribute differently in shaping fields. This new type of vortex may supply a new freedom for tailoring 3D optical fields, and our work will pave a way for exploration of new vortices and their applications.

scholarly journals A new method for measuring fish swimming patterns in shallow water and a previously undescribed swimming gait

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Willis ◽  
Theresa Burt de Perera ◽  
Guillaume Poncelet ◽  
Adrian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Amphibian Larvae ◽  
Swimming Mode ◽  
New Type ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Rheophilic Fish

AbstractHill stream loaches are fish which live their entire lives in close contact with rock. They have elaborate physical adaptations to fast flow, adherence to substrate, and movement in very shallow water. Here we describe a method for observing how they swim in detail. There are many similarly shaped rheophilic fish, insects, and amphibian larvae, which live in fast flowing water, and a method of observing their swimming modes has wide potential application. We measured the deflection of the water surface around a swimming fish by viewing a fixed pattern on the bottom of the tank through the water surface. This is a Schlieren method in which the movement or other physical properties of a medium are derived from the deflection of a pattern viewed through that medium. We used this method to describe a new type of swimming gait which is likely to be common among small rheophiles – pulse swimming mode – in which thrust is produced in a series of discrete impulses. The method of analysis described here is beneficial in that the fish is allowed to swim freely in relatively normal conditions without the use of intrusive equipment such as lasers, dyes, or additives to the water, and the pattern of thrust is viewed directly against the skin of the fish rather than being inferred from the wake pattern behind the fish. The method is also low cost and easily set up.

A new type of optical fields

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gori ◽  
G. Guattari
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fields ◽  
New Type

Impaction of volatile liquid droplets onto a hot liquid surface

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Waldram ◽  
H. K. Fauske ◽  
S. G. Bankoff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Volatile Liquid

scholarly journals Solidification Mechanism of the D-Gun Sprayed Fe-Al Particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 2391-2397
Author(s):  
W. Wołczyński ◽  
C. Senderowski ◽  
B. Fikus ◽  
A.J. Panas
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Solid Shell ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Liquid Particle ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Solidification Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spraying Method

AbstractThe detonation gas spraying method is used to study solidification of the Fe-40Al particles after the D-gun spraying and settled on the water surface. The solidification is divided into two stages. First, the particle solid shell forms during the particle contact with the surrounding air / gas. Usually, the remaining liquid particle core is dispersed into many droplets of different diameter. A single Fe-Al particle is described as a body subjected to a rotation and finally to a centrifugal force leading to segregation of iron and aluminum. The mentioned liquid droplets are treated as some spheres rotated freely / chaotically inside the solid shell of the particle and also are subjected to the centrifugal force. The centrifugal force, and first of all, the impact of the particles onto the water surface promote a tendency for making punctures in the particles shell. The droplets try to desert / abandon the mother-particles through these punctures. Some experimental evidences for this phenomenon are delivered. It is concluded that the intensity of the mentioned phenomenon depends on a given droplet momentum. The droplets solidify rapidly during their settlement onto the water surface at the second stage of the process under consideration. A model for the solidification mechanism is delivered.

scholarly journals Evidences of the charge fundamental asymmetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-107
Author(s):  
Mohsen Lutephy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Charge Asymmetry ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
Spinning Bodies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Formula

Abstract There is an infinitesimal small non polarizable electric inertial charge in the individual atoms or in a number neutral matter included to equal number of the electrons and protons. We refer to the pure calculations verified by the experimental laboratorial results, also planetary phenomena and cosmic observations. This inertial electric charge is origin of a part of the measurable magnetic field in addition to self-consistent dynamo, together as complementary origins to generate very complex magnetism of the celestial bodies. Ultimately we refer to the null results of the test experiments for the spinning bodies magnetic field and we see that neither used bodies in the experiments have been number neutral (no equal number of the electrons and protons), nor the simple formula of the Patrick Blackett is accurate in detail. But we have extracted a new formula in agreement for all spinning bodies magnetic fields, in agreement with both terrestrial and cosmic bodies. We verify the effect of electric charge asymmetry in expanding universe and acceleration of the universe expansion and anisotropy of cosmic microwave background and singularity paradox and solar wind and acceleration of solar wind and corona high temperature puzzle as an equilibrium between the gravity and antigravity and mysterious heat generation of the Sun and planets interiors and missing neutrino and the comets plasma tail outward direction and pendulums mysterious precessions and some other mysteries phenomena too.

scholarly journals Генерация поверхностного потока жидкости в каналах капиллярными колебаниями и волнами

2022 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
В.А. Александров
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Capillary Wave ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Capillary Waves ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Excess Surface ◽  
Surface Liquid ◽  
Wave Momentum

The generation of a directed flow on the water surface in channels with sources and resonators of capillary oscillations is detected and investigated. The surface flow is caused by the movement of the liquid through the gaps between the resonators, as well as between the resonator and the channel walls, under a curved surface that is locally deformed by the sources of capillary vibrations, the transfer of energy of the locally curved surface of the liquid by capillary waves, and the transmission of wave momentum to the particles of the liquid surface in one direction. It is shown that capillary waves together with the energy transfer an excess surface, the flux density of which is equal to the flux of the surface deformation. Moving devices with a capillary-wave accelerator of the surface liquid flow are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Two Types of Oil Spills in Swedish Inland Waters — Tests of New Materials, Ideas and Methods

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-567
Author(s):  
Allan Jerbo
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
New Type ◽  
Downstream Area

ABSTRACT At several places in Sweden there is a continuous oil-spill into ponds and lakes from engine sheds. During 1969–1971 new methods and materials were tested in order to reconstruct oil-contaminated water and sediment. Thus the bottom of a lake was harrowed with compressed air and the oil brought to the water surface where it was adsorbed. A new type of adsorption material, adsorbent blower, booms, incinerators and technique were designed. The result of the reconstruction was the following: In February 1972, 600 tons of diesel oil was spilled in a river in the northern part of Sweden. Downstream from the spill is a system of hydroelectric power stations, fisheries and freshwater-intakes. Thus there was a real chance to destroy domestic water. The mean temperature during January and February was between −25°C to −35°C and the river was partly frozen. Materials and methods were thus tested during hard conditions. The restoration was divided into using standard methods and developing new methods and materials. Thus:a pontoon bridge was built across the riverfrom the bridge adsorption material, Saneringsull, was blown out over the floating oiloil-contaminated ice and snow was burned together with Saneringsullthe adsorbed oil was allowed to be frozen in the icethe ice containing oil and adsorption materials was lifted to an ice-tip, later on the ice was meltedoil on free water surface was adsorbed. The adsorption material was spread from aircraft and boatslater on the adsorption material was transported to the shore and burned in incineratorsin order to protect the downstream area three types of booms were designed, no conventional boom could ever be usedevery week water-samples were taken and analysedtestfishing was performed in May 1972. Summary: The amount of oil one mile downstream from the last boom was never higher than 1 PPM and the fish did not contain any phenols or oils. The oil content of the surface water in the spill area and 5 miles downstream was, after the clean up job, at about 3 PPM which is normal for rivers during the timber-floating period. Total Cost: about $170,000 including the innovation and tests.

New Type Thin Films of Polymers Modified with Trifluoromethyl and Long Chain Perfluoroalkyl Groups Spread on the Water Surface.

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1309
Author(s):  
Masanori Tamura ◽  
Rungthip Chaiwattananone ◽  
Akira Sekiya
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
New Type ◽  
Long Chain

Evaporation at a Liquid Surface Due to Jet Impingement

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Sparrow ◽  
S. W. Celere ◽  
L. F. A. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Liquid Surface ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Air Jet

Experiments were performed to determine mass transfer coefficients for evaporation from a water surface on which an air jet impinged. During the course of the experiments, parametric variations were made of the jet velocity and diameter, the separation distance between the jet origin and the water surface, the diameter of the water surface, and the degree of insulation of the water containment pan. It was found that for all of the investigated operating conditions, the dimensionless mass transfer coefficient varied with the 0.8 power of the jet Reynolds number. Furthermore, the transfer coefficient decreased linearly as the separation distance between the jet origin and the water surface increased, with the most significant decreases occurring at relatively small values of the surface-to-jet diameter ratio. At larger diameter ratios, the transfer coefficient was relatively insensitive to the separation. In general, the larger the diameter of the water surface, the lower the transfer coefficient. Comparisons with the literature showed that the dimensionless mass transfer coefficients for impingement on a liquid surface are lower than those for impingement on a solid surface.

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