scholarly journals Ghost reefs: Nautical charts document large spatial scale of coral reef loss over 240 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. e1603155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren McClenachan ◽  
Grace O’Connor ◽  
Benjamin P. Neal ◽  
John M. Pandolfi ◽  
Jeremy B. C. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

scholarly journals Space Is More Important than Season when Shaping Soil Microbial Communities at a Large Spatial Scale

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoping Zhang ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Yong-Guan Zhu ◽  
Haiyan Chu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Environmental Covariates ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT The relative importance of spatial and temporal variability in shaping the distribution of soil microbial communities at a large spatial scale remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the relative importance of space versus time when predicting the distribution of soil bacterial and fungal communities across North China Plain in two contrasting seasons (summer versus winter). Although we found that microbial alpha (number of phylotypes) and beta (changes in community composition) diversities differed significantly between summer and winter, space rather than season explained more of the spatiotemporal variation of soil microbial alpha and beta diversities. Environmental covariates explained some of microbial spatiotemporal variation observed, with fast-changing environmental covariates—climate variables, soil moisture, and available nutrient—likely being the main factors that drove the seasonal variation found in bacterial and fungal beta diversities. Using random forest modeling, we further identified a group of microbial exact sequence variants (ESVs) as indicators of summer and winter seasons and for which relative abundance was associated with fast-changing environmental variables (e.g., soil moisture and dissolved organic nitrogen). Together, our empirical field study’s results suggest soil microbial seasonal variation could arise from the changes of fast-changing environmental variables, thus providing integral support to the large emerging body of snapshot studies related to microbial biogeography. IMPORTANCE Both space and time are key factors that regulate microbial community, but microbial temporal variation is often ignored at a large spatial scale. In this study, we compared spatial and seasonal effects on bacterial and fungal diversity variation across an 878-km transect and found direct evidence that space is far more important than season in regulating the soil microbial community. Partitioning the effect of season, space and environmental variables on microbial community, we further found that fast-changing environmental factors contributed to microbial temporal variation.

Crop production correlates with soil multitrophic communities at the large spatial scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 108047
Author(s):  
Kunkun Fan ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Yong-guan Zhu ◽  
Haiyan Chu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

Small spatial scale effects of wave action exposure on morphological traits of the limpet Lottia subrugosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (06) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315
Author(s):  
Edson A. Vieira ◽  
Marília Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Exposed Shore

AbstractMany studies have already assessed how wave action may affect morphology of intertidal species among sites that vary in wave exposure, but few attempted to look to this issue in smaller scales. Using the most common limpet of the Brazilian coast, Lottia subrugosa, and assuming position on rocky boulders as a proxy for wave action at small scale, we tested the hypothesis that waves may also influence limpet morphology at a smaller spatial scale by investigating how individual size, foot area and shell shape vary between sheltered and exposed boulder sides on three shores in the coast of Ubatuba, Brazil. Limpets consistently showed a proportionally larger foot on exposed boulder sides for all shores, indicating that stronger attachment is an important mechanism to deal with wave action dislodgement at a smaller scale. Shell shape also varied in the scale investigated here, with more conical (dissipative) shells occurring in exposed boulder sides in one exposed shore across time and in the other exposed shore in one year. Shell shape did not vary regarding boulder sides across time in the most sheltered shore. Although we did not assess large spatial scale effects of wave action in this study, variations of the effect of waves at small spatial scale observed for shell shape suggest that it may be modulated by the local wave exposure regime. Our work highlights the importance of wave action at small spatial scales, and may help to understand the ecological variability of limpets inhabiting rocky shores.

Variation in foraging strategies over a large spatial scale reduces parent–offspring conflict in Manx shearwaters

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Wischnewski ◽  
Gavin E. Arneill ◽  
Ashley W. Bennison ◽  
Eileen Dillane ◽  
Timothée A. Poupart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

scholarly journals Seascape and life-history traits do not predict self-recruitment in a coral reef fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 20160309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Herrera ◽  
Gerrit B. Nanninga ◽  
Serge Planes ◽  
Geoffrey P. Jones ◽  
Simon R. Thorrold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Sibling Pairs

The persistence and resilience of many coral reef species are dependent on rates of connectivity among sub-populations. However, despite increasing research efforts, the spatial scale of larval dispersal remains unpredictable for most marine metapopulations. Here, we assess patterns of larval dispersal in the angelfish Centropyge bicolor in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, using parentage and sibling reconstruction analyses based on 23 microsatellite DNA loci. We found that, contrary to previous findings in this system, self-recruitment (SR) was virtually absent at both the reef (0.4–0.5% at 0.15 km 2 ) and the lagoon scale (0.6–0.8% at approx. 700 km 2 ). While approximately 25% of the collected juveniles were identified as potential siblings, the majority of sibling pairs were sampled from separate reefs. Integrating our findings with earlier research from the same system suggests that geographical setting and life-history traits alone are not suitable predictors of SR and that high levels of localized recruitment are not universal in coral reef fishes.

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