Variation in helminth infection prevalence, abundance, and coinfection in an intermediate host across large spatial scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Rodríguez ◽  
JE Byers ◽  
F Cerda-Aliaga ◽  
N Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

scholarly journals Space Is More Important than Season when Shaping Soil Microbial Communities at a Large Spatial Scale

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoping Zhang ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Yong-Guan Zhu ◽  
Haiyan Chu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Environmental Covariates ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT The relative importance of spatial and temporal variability in shaping the distribution of soil microbial communities at a large spatial scale remains poorly understood. Here, we explored the relative importance of space versus time when predicting the distribution of soil bacterial and fungal communities across North China Plain in two contrasting seasons (summer versus winter). Although we found that microbial alpha (number of phylotypes) and beta (changes in community composition) diversities differed significantly between summer and winter, space rather than season explained more of the spatiotemporal variation of soil microbial alpha and beta diversities. Environmental covariates explained some of microbial spatiotemporal variation observed, with fast-changing environmental covariates—climate variables, soil moisture, and available nutrient—likely being the main factors that drove the seasonal variation found in bacterial and fungal beta diversities. Using random forest modeling, we further identified a group of microbial exact sequence variants (ESVs) as indicators of summer and winter seasons and for which relative abundance was associated with fast-changing environmental variables (e.g., soil moisture and dissolved organic nitrogen). Together, our empirical field study’s results suggest soil microbial seasonal variation could arise from the changes of fast-changing environmental variables, thus providing integral support to the large emerging body of snapshot studies related to microbial biogeography. IMPORTANCE Both space and time are key factors that regulate microbial community, but microbial temporal variation is often ignored at a large spatial scale. In this study, we compared spatial and seasonal effects on bacterial and fungal diversity variation across an 878-km transect and found direct evidence that space is far more important than season in regulating the soil microbial community. Partitioning the effect of season, space and environmental variables on microbial community, we further found that fast-changing environmental factors contributed to microbial temporal variation.

Crop production correlates with soil multitrophic communities at the large spatial scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 108047
Author(s):  
Kunkun Fan ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Yong-guan Zhu ◽  
Haiyan Chu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

Small spatial scale effects of wave action exposure on morphological traits of the limpet Lottia subrugosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (06) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315
Author(s):  
Edson A. Vieira ◽  
Marília Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wave Exposure ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Exposed Shore

AbstractMany studies have already assessed how wave action may affect morphology of intertidal species among sites that vary in wave exposure, but few attempted to look to this issue in smaller scales. Using the most common limpet of the Brazilian coast, Lottia subrugosa, and assuming position on rocky boulders as a proxy for wave action at small scale, we tested the hypothesis that waves may also influence limpet morphology at a smaller spatial scale by investigating how individual size, foot area and shell shape vary between sheltered and exposed boulder sides on three shores in the coast of Ubatuba, Brazil. Limpets consistently showed a proportionally larger foot on exposed boulder sides for all shores, indicating that stronger attachment is an important mechanism to deal with wave action dislodgement at a smaller scale. Shell shape also varied in the scale investigated here, with more conical (dissipative) shells occurring in exposed boulder sides in one exposed shore across time and in the other exposed shore in one year. Shell shape did not vary regarding boulder sides across time in the most sheltered shore. Although we did not assess large spatial scale effects of wave action in this study, variations of the effect of waves at small spatial scale observed for shell shape suggest that it may be modulated by the local wave exposure regime. Our work highlights the importance of wave action at small spatial scales, and may help to understand the ecological variability of limpets inhabiting rocky shores.

Variation in foraging strategies over a large spatial scale reduces parent–offspring conflict in Manx shearwaters

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Wischnewski ◽  
Gavin E. Arneill ◽  
Ashley W. Bennison ◽  
Eileen Dillane ◽  
Timothée A. Poupart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Large Spatial Scale

Coexistence and niche differentiation at large spatial scale in a West-European softwater plant community

Plant Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Floris Vanderhaeghe ◽  
Sofie Ruysschaert ◽  
Leon J. L. van den Berg ◽  
Jan G. M. Roelofs ◽  
Alfons J. P. Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
West European

Masting in Buxus balearica : assessing fruiting patterns and processes at a large spatial scale

Oikos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Lázaro ◽  
Anna Traveset ◽  
Marcos Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Patterns And Processes

scholarly journals Improving the Resolution of GRACE Data for Spatio-Temporal Groundwater Storage Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3513
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ali ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema ◽  
Quoc Bao Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Grace Data ◽  
Hydrological Variables

Groundwater has a significant contribution to water storage and is considered to be one of the sources for agricultural irrigation; industrial; and domestic water use. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite provides a unique opportunity to evaluate terrestrial water storage (TWS) and groundwater storage (GWS) at a large spatial scale. However; the coarse resolution of GRACE limits its ability to investigate the water storage change at a small scale. It is; therefore; needed to improve the resolution of GRACE data at a spatial scale applicable for regional-level studies. In this study; a machine-learning-based downscaling random forest model (RFM) and artificial neural network (ANN) model were developed to downscale GRACE data (TWS and GWS) from 1° to a higher resolution (0.25°). The spatial maps of downscaled TWS and GWS were generated over the Indus basin irrigation system (IBIS). Variations in TWS of GRACE in combination with geospatial variables; including digital elevation model (DEM), slope; aspect; and hydrological variables; including soil moisture; evapotranspiration; rainfall; surface runoff; canopy water; and temperature; were used. The geospatial and hydrological variables could potentially contribute to; or correlate with; GRACE TWS. The RFM outperformed the ANN model and results show Pearson correlation coefficient (R) (0.97), root mean square error (RMSE) (11.83 mm), mean absolute error (MAE) (7.71 mm), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) (0.94) while comparing with the training dataset from 2003 to 2016. These results indicate the suitability of RFM to downscale GRACE data at a regional scale. The downscaled GWS data were analyzed; and we observed that the region has lost GWS of about −9.54 ± 1.27 km3 at the rate of −0.68 ± 0.09 km3/year from 2003 to 2016. The validation results showed that R between downscaled GWS and observational wells GWS are 0.67 and 0.77 at seasonal and annual scales with a confidence level of 95%, respectively. It can; therefore; be concluded that the RFM has the potential to downscale GRACE data at a spatial scale suitable to predict GWS at regional scales.

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