scholarly journals A broadband chip-scale optical frequency synthesizer at 2.7 × 10−16 relative uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e1501489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Wei Huang ◽  
Jinghui Yang ◽  
Mingbin Yu ◽  
Bart H. McGuyer ◽  
Dim-Lee Kwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Frequency Synthesizer ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Precision Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs

Optical frequency combs—coherent light sources that connect optical frequencies with microwave oscillations—have become the enabling tool for precision spectroscopy, optical clockwork, and attosecond physics over the past decades. Current benchmark systems are self-referenced femtosecond mode-locked lasers, but Kerr nonlinear dynamics in high-Q solid-state microresonators has recently demonstrated promising features as alternative platforms. The advance not only fosters studies of chip-scale frequency metrology but also extends the realm of optical frequency combs. We report the full stabilization of chip-scale optical frequency combs. The microcomb’s two degrees of freedom, one of the comb lines and the native 18-GHz comb spacing, are simultaneously phase-locked to known optical and microwave references. Active comb spacing stabilization improves long-term stability by six orders of magnitude, reaching a record instrument-limited residual instability of 3.6mHz/τ. Comparing 46 nitride frequency comb lines with a fiber laser frequency comb, we demonstrate the unprecedented microcomb tooth-to-tooth relative frequency uncertainty down to 50 mHz and 2.7 × 10−16, heralding novel solid-state applications in precision spectroscopy, coherent communications, and astronomical spectrography.

scholarly journals Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Erbium Fiber Lasers

Nanophotonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Droste ◽  
Gabriel Ycas ◽  
Brian R. Washburn ◽  
Ian Coddington ◽  
Nathan R. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Laser Amplifier ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Comb Generation ◽  
Optical Frequency Metrology ◽  
Frequency Metrology

AbstractOptical frequency combs have revolutionized optical frequency metrology and are being actively investigated in a number of applications outside of pure optical frequency metrology. For reasons of cost, robustness, performance, and flexibility, the erbium fiber laser frequency comb has emerged as the most commonly used frequency comb system and many different designs of erbium fiber frequency combs have been demonstrated. We review the different approaches taken in the design of erbium fiber frequency combs, including the major building blocks of the underlying mode-locked laser, amplifier, supercontinuum generation and actuators for stabilization of the frequency comb.

Fiber-based laser frequency combs

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Soboń ◽  
K.M. Abramski
Keyword(s):  
Laser Physics ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency Comb ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs

Abstract For the last decade a very attractive field of laser physics, namely the optical frequency comb technique, has been intensively developed. Fiber lasers play particular role in that area. The motivation of their development is obtaining broadband comb systems with well-defined and stable mods (comb teeth). This paper presents a basic overview devoted to the fiber-based optical frequency combs.

Precision spectroscopy of hydrogen and femtosecond laser frequency combs

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1834) ◽  
pp. 2155-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W Hänsch ◽  
J Alnis ◽  
P Fendel ◽  
M Fischer ◽  
C Gohle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Precision Spectroscopy ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Optical Frequency Metrology

Precision spectroscopy of the simple hydrogen atom has inspired dramatic advances in optical frequency metrology: femtosecond laser optical frequency comb synthesizers have revolutionized the precise measurement of optical frequencies, and they provide a reliable clock mechanism for optical atomic clocks. Precision spectroscopy of the hydrogen 1S–2S two-photon resonance has reached an accuracy of 1.4 parts in 10 14 , and considerable future improvements are envisioned. Such laboratory experiments are setting new limits for possible slow variations of the fine structure constant α and the magnetic moment of the caesium nucleus μ Cs in units of the Bohr magneton μ B .

Precision Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Spectroscopy using a Cross-Dispersed Spectrometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Michelle Bailey ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Adam J. Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Difference Frequency Generation ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Molecular Fingerprint ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Fingerprint Region

<p>Advances in optical technology have led to the commercialization and widespread use of broadband optical frequency combs for multiplexed measurements of trace-gas species. Increasingly available in the mid-infrared spectral region, these devices can be leveraged to interrogate the molecular fingerprint region where many fundamental rovibrational transitions occur. Here we present a cross-dispersed spectrometer employing a virtually imaged phased array etalon and ruled diffraction grating coupled with a difference frequency generation comb centered near 4.5 µm. The spectrometer achieves sub-GHz spectral resolution with a 30 cm<sup>-1</sup> instantaneous bandwidth. Laboratory results for nitrous oxide isotopic abundance retrieval will be presented. Challenges relating to characterizing the instrument lineshape function, constructing a frequency axis traceable to the comb, and accurate spectral modelling will be addressed and progress towards incorporating a more compact laser frequency comb source into the system will be discussed.</p>

Development of a Non-Contact Precision Measurement Technique Using Optical Frequency Combs

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 877-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Onoe ◽  
Satoru Takahashi ◽  
Kiyoshi Takamasu ◽  
Hirokazu Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Distance Measurement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Lock In

We develop a new method for high-resolution and contactless distance measurement based on self frequency beats of optical frequency combs. We use two optical frequency comb lasers with Rb-stabilized repetition frequencies for doing accurate distance measurement. The repetition frequencies of the optical frequency combs are different, thus parts of the high frequencies such as several gigahertz of self beats are beat-downed to several megahertz without an RF frequency oscillator. The phases of the beat signals of several megahertz frequencies are measured by a lock-in amplifier with a high resolution and high sensitivity. The new method is applied to distance measurement for objects which have rough-surface in the distance range of several-meters.

Optical frequency combs: Coherently uniting the electromagnetic spectrum

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6501) ◽  
pp. eaay3676
Author(s):  
Scott A. Diddams ◽  
Kerry Vahala ◽  
Thomas Udem
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Frequency Signal ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Radio Frequency Signal ◽  
Frequency Combs

Optical frequency combs were introduced around 20 years ago as a laser technology that could synthesize and count the ultrafast rate of the oscillating cycles of light. Functioning in a manner analogous to a clockwork of gears, the frequency comb phase-coherently upconverts a radio frequency signal by a factor of ≈105 to provide a vast array of evenly spaced optical frequencies, which is the comb for which the device is named. It also divides an optical frequency down to a radio frequency, or translates its phase to any other optical frequency across hundreds of terahertz of bandwidth. We review the historical backdrop against which this powerful tool for coherently uniting the electromagnetic spectrum developed. Advances in frequency comb functionality, physical implementation, and application are also described.

scholarly journals Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

Nanophotonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanne K. Chembo
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Kerr Nonlinearity ◽  
Optical Frequency Comb ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Microwave Signal Generation ◽  
Mode Locked Lasers

AbstractThe optical frequency comb technology is one of the most important breakthrough in photonics in recent years. This concept has revolutionized the science of ultra-stable lightwave and microwave signal generation. These combs were originally generated using ultrafast mode-locked lasers, but in the past decade, a simple and elegant alternativewas proposed,which consisted in pumping an ultra-high-Q optical resonator with Kerr nonlinearity using a continuous-wave laser. When optimal conditions are met, the intracavity pump photons are redistributed via four-wave mixing to the neighboring cavity modes, thereby creating the so-called Kerr optical frequency comb. Beyond being energy-efficient, conceptually simple, and structurally robust, Kerr comb generators are very compact devices (millimetric down to micrometric size) which can be integrated on a chip. They are, therefore, considered as very promising candidates to replace femtosecond mode-locked lasers for the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the spectral domain, or equivalently, narrow optical pulses in the temporal domain. These combs are, moreover, expected to provide breakthroughs in many technological areas, such as integrated photonics, metrology, optical telecommunications, and aerospace engineering. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive survey of the topic of Kerr optical frequency combs.We provide an overview of the main theoretical and experimental results that have been obtained so far. We also highlight the potential of Kerr combs for current or prospective applications, and discuss as well some of the open challenges that are to be met at the fundamental and applied level.

scholarly journals Broadband and high resolution measurements of cavity loss and dispersion

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Andrzej Charczun ◽  
Grzegorz Kowzan ◽  
Agata Cygan ◽  
Ryszard S. Trawiński ◽  
Daniel Lisak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Optical Loss ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency Comb ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometry

We present a method for broadband measurements of dispersion and loss of an optical cavity. We employ an optical frequency comb directly coupled into a cavity to scan the cavity modes and retrieve their shapes and positions. The measurement data is acquired using instrumental-line-shape-free Fourier transform spectrometry. This method can be developed into a powerful tool for optical loss and dispersion measurements for broadband characterization of optical elements as well as absorption and dispersion spectroscopy. Full Text: PDF ReferencesTh. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T.W. Hänsch, "Optical Frequency Metrology", Nature 416, 233–237 (2002). CrossRef R.A. McCracken, J.M. Charsley, D.T. Reid "A decade of astrocombs: recent advances in frequency combs for astronomy", Optics Express 25, 13, 15058-15078 (2017). CrossRef M.J. Thorpe, D. Balslev-Clausen, M.S. Kirchner, J. Ye, "Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis", Optics Express 16, 4, 2387-2397 (2008). CrossRef J. Domysławska et al., "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of the oxygen B-band with absolute frequency reference to the optical frequency comb", The Journal of Chemical Physics 136, 024201 (2012). CrossRef P. Masłowski K.C. Cossel, A. Foltynowicz, J. Ye., "Cavity-Enhanced Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy", in G. Gagliardi and H.-P. Loock, "Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy and Sensing", Springer (2014). CrossRef L. Rutkowski et al., "Sensitive and broadband measurement of dispersion in a cavity using a Fourier transform spectrometer with kHz resolution", Optics Express Vol. 25, Issue 18, pp. 21711-21718 (2017). CrossRef E.D. Black, "An introduction to Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilization", American Journal of Physics 69, 79 (2001) CrossRef A. Cygan et al., "One-dimensional frequency-based spectroscopy", Optics Express. 23, 14472. 10.1364 ( 2015). CrossRef P. Masłowski et al., "Surpassing the path-limited resolution of Fourier-transform spectrometry with frequency combs", Phys. Rev. A 93, 021802(R) (2016). CrossRef L. Rutkowski, P. Masłowski, A.C. Johansson, A. Khodabakhsh, A. Foltynowicz, "Optical frequency comb Fourier transform spectroscopy with sub-nominal resolution and precision beyond the Voigt profile", Jour. of Quant. Spect. and Rad. Trans., 204, 63-73 (2018). CrossRef S. Schiller, "Spectrometry with frequency combs," Opt. Lett. 27, 766-768 (2002). CrossRef A. Cygan et al., "Absolute molecular transitions frequencies measured by three cavity-enhanced spectroscopy techniques" J. Chem. Phys. 144 214202-1-214202-11 (2016). CrossRef I.E. Gordon et al., "The HITRAN2016 Molecular Spectroscopic Database", J. Quant. Spect. Radiat. Trans. (2017). CrossRef

scholarly journals Optical Frequency Combs in Quadratically Nonlinear Resonators

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Ricciardi ◽  
Simona Mosca ◽  
Maria Parisi ◽  
François Leo ◽  
Tobias Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Pump Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
New Class ◽  
Parametric Processes

Optical frequency combs are one of the most remarkable inventions in recent decades. Originally conceived as the spectral counterpart of the train of short pulses emitted by mode-locked lasers, frequency combs have also been subsequently generated in continuously pumped microresonators, through third-order parametric processes. Quite recently, direct generation of optical frequency combs has been demonstrated in continuous-wave laser-pumped optical resonators with a second-order nonlinear medium inside. Here, we present a concise introduction to such quadratic combs and the physical mechanism that underlies their formation. We mainly review our recent experimental and theoretical work on formation and dynamics of quadratic frequency combs. We experimentally demonstrated comb generation in two configurations: a cavity for second harmonic generation, where combs are generated both around the pump frequency and its second harmonic and a degenerate optical parametric oscillator, where combs are generated around the pump frequency and its subharmonic. The experiments have been supported by a thorough theoretical analysis, aimed at modelling the dynamics of quadratic combs, both in frequency and time domains, providing useful insights into the physics of this new class of optical frequency comb synthesizers. Quadratic combs establish a new class of efficient frequency comb synthesizers, with unique features, which could enable straightforward access to new spectral regions and stimulate novel applications.

scholarly journals Accurate laser frequency locking to optical frequency combs under low-signal-to-noise-ratio conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 033202
Author(s):  
C. Guo ◽  
M. Favier ◽  
N. Galland ◽  
V. Cambier ◽  
H. Álvarez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Laser Frequency ◽  
Optical Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Locking ◽  
Optical Frequency Combs ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Noise Ratio
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