Biological Influences on Physical Activity During Childhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biologic Control

A growing body of evidence implicates the existence of a functional subconscious governor in the brain, which controls level of habitual physical activity. Such a biologic control, acting in a classic feedback loop mechanism, might serve to contribute to the defense of energy balance. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the pliability of biologic control of activity and the extent that it might dictate daily energy expenditure. A consideration of this concept bears importance for those seeking an understanding of the mechanisms, prevention, and treatment of obesity as well as the link between exercise and health in the general population.

scholarly journals Impacts of vigorous and non-vigorous activity on daily energy expenditure

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas R. Westerterp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Daily Energy

Activity intensity is a potential determinant of activity-induced energy expenditure. Tri-axial accelerometery is the most objective measurement technique for the assessment of activity intensity, in combination with doubly-labelled water for the measurement of energy expenditure under free-living conditions. Data on the effects of subject characteristics, including body size and age, and exercise training on the relationship between activity intensity and daily energy expenditure are reviewed. Average daily metabolic rate and non-basal energy expenditure are positively related to body size. The duration and intensity of physical activities do not need to be equivalent to the energy spent on activity. Obese subjects spend more energy on physical activity but can perform fewer activities, especially high-intensity (weight-bearing) activities, because of their higher body weight. Physical activity generally declines gradually from about 60 years of age onwards. Most subjects >80 years have an activity level well below the level defined for sedentary middle-aged adults. Spending relatively more time on low-intensity activities has a negative effect on the mean physical activity level. To obtain a higher physical activity level does not necessarily imply high-intensity activities. In an average subject 25% of the activity-induced energy expenditure may be attributed to high-intensity activities. Exercise training, as a form of high-intensity activity, affects the physical activity level more in younger subjects than in elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Increases in Physical Activity Result in Diminishing Increments in Daily Energy Expenditure in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. O’Neal ◽  
Danielle M. Friend ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
Kevin D. Hall ◽  
Alexxai V. Kravitz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy

Daily energy expenditure in Mexican and USA Pima Indians: low physical activity as a possible cause of obesity

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Esparza ◽  
C Fox ◽  
IT Harper ◽  
PH Bennett ◽  
LO Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pima Indians ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Possible Cause
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