scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of a Virtual Reality Game in Evaluating the Projected Frontal Plane Knee Angle When Landing From a Drop Vertical Jump

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Mills ◽  
Aula Idris ◽  
Thu-An Pham ◽  
John Porte ◽  
Mark Wiggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Vertical Jumps

Objectives: To determine the validity and reliability of the peak frontal plane knee angle evaluated by a virtual reality (VR) netball game when landing from a drop vertical jump. Study Design: Laboratory. Methods: Forty participants performed 3 drop vertical jumps evaluated by 3-dimensional motion analysis and 3 drop vertical jumps evaluated by the VR game. Limits of agreement for the peak projected frontal plane knee angle and peak knee abduction were determined. Participants were given a consensus category of “above threshold” or “below threshold” based on a prespecified threshold angle of 9° during landing. Classification agreement was determined using kappa coefficient, and accuracy was determined using specificity and sensitivity. Ten participants returned 1 week later to determine intrarater reliability, standard error of the measure, and typical error. Results: The mean difference in detected frontal plane knee angle was 3.39° (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03° to 5.74°). Limits of agreement were −10.27° (95% CI, −14.36° to −6.19°) to 17.05° (95% CI, 12.97° to 21.14°). Substantial agreement, specificity, and sensitivity were observed for the threshold classification (κ = .66; 95% CI, .42 to .88; specificity = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.0; and sensitivity = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.95). The game exhibited acceptable reliability over time (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC3,1 = .844), and error was approximately 2°. Conclusion: The VR game reliably evaluated a projected frontal plane knee angle. Although the knee angle detected by the VR game is strongly related to peak knee abduction, the accuracy of detecting the exact angle was limited. A threshold approach may be a more accurate approach for gaming technology to evaluate frontal plane knee angles when landing from a jump.

scholarly journals NEURAL ACTIVITY AND LANDING BIOMECHANICS: EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE BRAIN, BODY, AND ACL INJURY-RISK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0015
Author(s):  
Cody R. Criss ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Manish Anand ◽  
Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Drop Vertical Jump

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries predominantly occur via non-contact mechanisms, secondary to motor coordination errors resulting in aberrant frontal plane knee loads that exceed the thresholds of ligament integrity. However, central nervous system processing underlying high injury-risk motor coordination errors remain unknown, limiting the optimization of current injury reduction strategies. Purpose: To evaluate the relationships between brain activity during motor tasks with injury-risk loading during a drop vertical jump. Methods: Thirty female high school soccer players (16.10 ± 0.87 years, 165.10 ± 4.64 cm, 63.43 ± 8.80 kg) were evaluated with 3D biomechanics during a standardized drop vertical jump from a 30 cm box and peak knee abduction moment was extracted as the injury-risk variable of interest. A neuroimaging session to capture neural activity (via blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal) was then completed which consisted of 4 blocks of 30 seconds of repeated bilateral leg press action paced to a metronome beat of 1.2 Hz with 30 seconds rest between blocks. Knee abduction moment was evaluated relative to neural activity to identify potential neural contributors to injury-risk. Results: There was a direct relationship between increased landing knee abduction moment and increased neural activation within regions corresponding to the lingual gyrus, intracalcarine cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus (r2= 0.68, p corrected < .05, z max > 3.1; Table 1 & Figure 1). Conclusion: Elevated activity in regions that integrate sensory, spatial, and attentional information may contribute to elevated frontal plane knee loads during landing. Interestingly, a similar activation pattern related to high-risk landing mechanics has been found in those following injury, indicating that predisposing factors to injury may be accentuated by injury or that modern rehabilitation does not recover prospective neural control deficits. These data uncover a potentially novel brain marker that could guide the discovery of neural-therapeutic targets that reduce injury risk beyond current prevention methods. [Table: see text][Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Relationship Between 2-Dimensional Frontal Plane Measures and the Knee Abduction Angle During the Drop Vertical Jump

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad W. Willis ◽  
Katie Hocker ◽  
Swithin Razu ◽  
Aaron D. Gray ◽  
Marjorie Skubic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Drop Vertical Jump

Context: Knee abduction angle (KAA), as measured by 3-dimensional marker-based motion capture systems during jump-landing tasks, has been correlated with an elevated risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in females. Due to the high cost and inefficiency of KAA measurement with marker-based motion capture, surrogate 2-dimensional frontal plane measures have gained attention for injury risk screening. The knee-to-ankle separation ratio (KASR) and medial knee position (MKP) have been suggested as potential frontal plane surrogate measures to the KAA, but investigations into their relationship to the KAA during a bilateral drop vertical jump task are limited. Objective: To investigate the relationship between KASR and MKP to the KAA during initial contact of the bilateral drop vertical jump. Design: Descriptive. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 18 healthy female participants (mean age: 24.1 [3.88] y, mass: 65.18 [10.34] kg, and height: 1.63 [0.06] m). Intervention: Participants completed 5 successful drop vertical jump trials measured by a Vicon marker-based motion capture system and 2 AMTI force plates. Main Outcome Measure: For each jump, KAA of the tibia relative to the femur was measured at initial contact along with the KASR and MKP calculated from planar joint center data. The coefficient of determination (r2) was used to examine the relationship between the KASR and MKP to KAA. Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between MKP and KAA (r2 = .71), as well as between KASR and KAA (r2 = .72). Conclusions: Two-dimensional frontal plane measures show strong relationships to the KAA during the bilateral drop vertical jump.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Features of Drop Vertical Jump Are Different Among Various Sporting Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Harato ◽  
Yutaro Morishige ◽  
Shu Kobayashi ◽  
Yasuo Niki ◽  
Takeo Nagura
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Sporting Activities

Abstract Background: Risk for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can be assessed based on drop vertical jump (DVJ). However, biomechanics of DVJ should differ with type of various sporting activities. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether biomechanical features of DVJ are different among various sporting activities in female athletes.Methods: A total of 42 female athletes, including 25 basketball, 8 soccer and 9 volleyball players, participated in the current investigation. DVJ was done for each female athlete using a three-dimensional motion analysis system which consisted of six cameras, two force plates and 46 retro-reflective markers. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded for both limbs in each athlete. Simultaneously, frontal and sagittal plane views of the DVJ were recorded using high-resolution two different video cameras to evaluate Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) score. Three-dimensional biomechanical parameters at the knee joint and LESS were compared among three different sporting activities.Results: Soccer players had better LESS score, compared to basketball players, while no significantly differences were found between basketball and volleyball players in LESS. In addition, peak knee flexion angle was significantly larger, and knee abduction angle at initial contact (IC), peak knee abduction angle, knee internal rotation angle, and knee abduction moment within 40 milliseconds from IC were significantly smaller in soccer players, compared to basketball players. There were no significantly differences between basketball and volleyball players in all biomechanical parameters.Conclusions: From the present study, female basketball and volleyball players have worse LESS score, greater knee abduction angle and moment, compared to female soccer players. Thus, female basketball and volleyball players are likely to have the increased risk of non-contact ACL injury during DVJ, compared to soccer players. DVJ may be useless as a screening tool of non-contact ACL injury for soccer players. Biomechanics of DVJ depends on characteristics of the athlete's primary sport.

Decision Making and Experience Level Influence Frontal Plane Knee Joint Biomechanics During a Cutting Maneuver

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristof Kipp ◽  
Tyler N. Brown ◽  
Scott G. McLean ◽  
Riann M. Palmieri-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Division I ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Knee Abduction

The purpose of this study was to examine the combined impact of experience and decision making on frontal plane knee joint biomechanics during a cutting maneuver. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from 12 recreationally active and 18 NCAA Division I female athletes during execution of anticipated and unanticipated single-leg land-and-cut maneuvers. Knee joint abduction angles and external knee joint abduction torques were calculated and discrete peak stance-phase variables were extracted. Angle and torque time-series data were also submitted to separate functional data analyses. Variables derived from the functional data analyses indicated that decision making influenced knee abduction angle and torque time series in the recreational group only. Specifically, these variables pointed to greater knee abduction at the end of stance as well as a greater, albeit delayed peak in knee abduction torque at the beginning of landing in the recreational athletes during the unanticipated condition. In addition, the recreational athletes displayed greater discrete peak knee abduction angles than the Division I athletes regardless of condition. Discrete peak knee abduction torque did not differ between groups or conditions.

scholarly journals Immediate effect of ACL kinesio taping technique on knee joint biomechanics during a drop vertical jump: a randomized crossover controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerawat Limroongreungrat ◽  
Chuanpis Boonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Taping Technique ◽  
Drop Vertical Jump

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an ACL Kinesio Taping technique (ACL-KT) on knee joint biomechanics during a drop vertical jump (DVJ). Methods Twenty healthy male participants (age 21.1±0.3 years; mass 64.2±4.3 kg; height 174.2±5.5 cm) participated in this study. The participants performed a DVJ and landed onto 2 adjacent force platforms under both ACL-KT and placebo (PT) conditions. All data were collected with 3-D motion analysis and comparison peak knee joint angles and moments, and knee joint angle at initial contact (IC) between conditions analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was selected to assess difference between groups for the entire three-component knee trajectory during the contact phase. Results ACL-KT had a significant effect on decreasing knee abduction angle at IC (1.43±2.12 deg.) compared with the PT (−1.24±2.42 deg.) (p=0.04). A significant difference in knee abduction angle between the taping conditions was found between 100 ms before IC, at IC and 100 ms after IC (p<0.05). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) found between conditions in any of the other variables. Conclusion This result confirmed that the application of ACL-KT is useful to reduce knee abduction angle at IC during a DVJ in healthy participants. Therefore, ACL-KT may be an acceptable intervention to reduce ACL injury risk. Trial registration Retrospective registered on 25 September 2018. Trial number: TCTR20180926005

scholarly journals Jump performance in male and female football players

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 606-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J. H. Arundale ◽  
Joanna Kvist ◽  
Martin Hägglund ◽  
Anne Fältström
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Valgus Knee ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Purpose To examine differences between men and women football players in clinically feasible jumping measures. Methods Female football players (N = 46, ages 16–25) were matched based on age, training frequency, and playing position with 46 male players. All players performed the tuck jump and drop vertical jump (DVJ). DVJ was assessed quantitatively for valgus knee motion and probability of a high peak knee abduction moment (pKAM), as well as sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle angles, and qualitatively with visual assessment of the player’s knees upon landing; graded as good, reduced, or poor control. Result Women had higher total tuck jump scores (5 ± 2) (more technique flaws), than men (3 ± 2, P < 0.01). The quantitative analysis of the DVJ found that men had greater asymmetries between limbs, but women landed bilaterally in more knee valgus (interaction P = 0.04, main effect of sex P = 0.02). There was no difference in pKAM (interaction n.s.). Women also landed in less hip flexion (P = 0.01) and ankle dorsiflexion (P = 0.01) than men. The qualitative DVJ analysis found that more women (48%) had poor knee control compared to men (11%, P < 0.01). Conclusions The results indicate that women perform worse on the tuck jump assessment than men. The results support previous findings that women land in more knee valgus than men, but also found that men may have larger asymmetries in knee valgus. These results from clinically feasible measures provide some suggestions for clinicians to consider during ACL reconstruction rehabilitation to enhance performance.

scholarly journals Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading Increases With Pivot-Shift Mechanism During Asymmetrical Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232596712198909
Author(s):  
Ryo Ueno ◽  
Alessandro Navacchia ◽  
Nathan D. Schilaty ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Anterior Tibial Translation ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Tibial Translation ◽  
Drop Vertical Jump

Background: Frontal plane trunk lean with a side-to-side difference in lower extremity kinematics during landing increases unilateral knee abduction moment and consequently anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. However, the biomechanical features of landing with higher ACL loading are still unknown. Validated musculoskeletal modeling offers the potential to quantify ACL strain and force during a landing task. Purpose: To investigate ACL loading during a landing and assess the association between ACL loading and biomechanical factors of individual landing strategies. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen young female athletes performed drop vertical jump trials, and their movements were recorded with 3-dimensional motion capture. Electromyography-informed optimization was performed to estimate lower limb muscle forces with an OpenSim musculoskeletal model. A whole-body musculoskeletal finite element model was developed. The joint motion and muscle forces obtained from the OpenSim simulations were applied to the musculoskeletal finite element model to estimate ACL loading during participants’ simulated landings with physiologic knee mechanics. Kinematic, muscle force, and ground-reaction force waveforms associated with high ACL strain trials were reconstructed via principal component analysis and logistic regression analysis, which were used to predict trials with high ACL strain. Results: The median (interquartile range) values of peak ACL strain and force during the drop vertical jump were 3.3% (–1.9% to 5.1%) and 195.1 N (53.9 to 336.9 N), respectively. Four principal components significantly predicted high ACL strain trials, with 100% sensitivity, 78% specificity, and an area of 0.91 under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( P < .001). High ACL strain trials were associated with (1) knee motions that included larger knee abduction, internal tibial rotation, and anterior tibial translation and (2) motion that included greater vertical and lateral ground-reaction forces, lower gluteus medius force, larger lateral pelvic tilt, and increased hip adduction. Conclusion: ACL loads were higher with a pivot-shift mechanism during a simulated landing with asymmetry in the frontal plane. Specifically, knee abduction can create compression on the posterior slope of the lateral tibial plateau, which induces anterior tibial translation and internal tibial rotation. Clinical Relevance: Athletes are encouraged to perform interventional and preventive training to improve symmetry during landing.

Relationship between kinematic gait parameters during three gait modifications designed to reduce peak knee abduction moment

The Knee ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Bryndan Lindsey ◽  
Scott Bruce ◽  
Oladipo Eddo ◽  
Shane Caswell ◽  
Nelson Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction

scholarly journals Portable Force Plates: A Viable and Practical Alternative to Rapidly and Accurately Monitor Elite Sprint Performance

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irineu Loturco ◽  
Lucas Pereira ◽  
Ronaldo Kobal ◽  
Cesar Cal Abad ◽  
Victor Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Competitive Athletes ◽  
Vertical Jumps

This study aimed to examine the associations between a series of mechanical variables automatically generated by a portable force plate (PFP) and the actual performance of professional sprinters over a 150 m course. To test these correlations, 12 top-level sprinters performed vertical jumps (squat and countermovement jumps; SJ and CMJ, respectively), a 60 m sprint test, and a 150 m sprint test. Pearson product-moment coefficient of correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between the sprinting velocities and vertical jump outputs. The SJ parameters were moderately to near perfectly associated with the different sprint distances, and the SJ height presented the highest correlation scores (r = 0.90 with velocities over 10- and 20-m). The correlation coefficients between the CMJ outcomes and sprint results varied between moderate and very large (from 0.38 to 0.88). Finally, the coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 0.71 to 0.85 for the different multiple regressions involving PFP automatic measures. The PFP can provide practitioners with quick and accurate information regarding competitive athletes. Due to the strong correlations observed, coaches are encouraged to frequently adjust and tailor the training strategies of their sprinters, using practical and timesaving PFP measurements.

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