Conceptualizing Maladaptive Sport Perfectionism as a Function of Gender

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Anshel ◽  
Toto Sutarso
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes

The purpose of the present study was to conceptualize maladaptive forms of sport perfectionism by determining the factors (and items within each factor) that best describe this construct among skilled male and female athletes. The sample consisted of 217 undergraduate student athletes ranging in age from 19 to 33 years. A theory-driven four-factor, 18-item Likert-type scale, called the Sport Perfectionism Inventory (SPI), was generated for this study. The factors, each reflecting maladaptive perfectionism to an excessive degree, included the following: concern over mistakes (CM), self-criticism (SC), personal standards (PS), and negative feedback (NF). Results showed that the items were generalizable for both genders, and all correlations between factors in the scale were significant. It was concluded that these dimensions depicted maladaptive sport perfectionism as a function of gender.

Relationship between Multidimensional Perfectionism and Goal Orientations in Sport

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G.H. Dunn ◽  
Janice Causgrove Dunn ◽  
Daniel G. Syrotuik
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Parental Pressure ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between perfectionism and goal orientations among male Canadian Football players (M age = 18.24 years). Athletes (N = 174) completed inventories to assess perfectionist orientations and goal orientations in sport. Perfectionism was conceptualized as a multidimensional construct and was measured with a newly constructed sport-specific version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990). Exploratory factor analysis of the modified MPS revealed four sport-related perfectionism dimensions: perceived parental pressure, personal standards, concern over mistakes, and perceived coach pressure. Canonical correlation analysis obtained two significant canonical functions (RC1 = .36; RC2 = .30). The first one revealed that task orientation was positively correlated with an adaptive profile of perfectionism. The second one revealed that ego orientation was positively associated with a maladaptive profile of perfectionism. Results are discussed in the context of Hamachek’s (1978) conceptualization of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism.

Perfectionism and Reactions to Athletic Competition

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy O. Frost ◽  
Katherine J. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This exploratory study examined the relationship of perfectionism (from a recently devised multidimensional measure) with female athletes' reactions to athletic competition and coaches' ratings of reactions to mistakes during competition. Athletes who rated high in Concern Over Mistakes (one dimension of perfectionism) reported more anxiety and less self-confidence in sports, displayed a general failure orientation toward sports, reacted negatively to mistakes (by their report and by coaches' ratings), and reported more negative thinking in the 24 hours prior to competition. A second dimension of perfectionism, High Personal Standards, was associated with a success orientation toward sports and more dreams of perfection prior to competition. The possible influence of perfectionism on motivation and performance in sports is discussed.

Psychometric Properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in Spanish Children and Adolescents

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-464
Author(s):  
Aurora Gavino ◽  
Raquel Nogueira ◽  
Lucía Pérez-Costillas ◽  
Antonio Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes

The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is one of the most used instruments to assess perfectionism. The FMPS assesses six dimensions: Concern over Mistakes (CM), Parental Expectations (EP), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), Organization (OR), and Personal Standards (PS). CM, PE, PC, and DA are facets of a more general dimension considered Maladaptive Perfectionism. PS is frequently considered Adaptive Perfectionism. FMPS psychometric properties have been studied in adults but scarcely in children. We adapted the FMPS for Spanish children and adolescents and studied these properties in a sample of 1,648 Spanish young people (mean age = 13.36; SD = 2.28). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test whether the FMPS dimensions found in adults are applicable to children. Results supported this hypothesis. The FMPS dimensional structure was invariant across gender and age. FMPS subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: .71-.92) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlations: .70-.85). Moderate and high correlations with measures of dysfunctional beliefs, anxiety, and depression supported the validity of the FMPS scores. Results from regression equations showed that the relationship of perfectionism with anxiety and depression is mostly due to Maladaptive Perfectionism.

Global Self-Esteem Differentially Predicts Multidimensional Perfectionism in Early Adolescents Two Years Later

2021 ◽  
pp. 027243162110160
Author(s):  
Johannes Stricker ◽  
Franzis Preckel
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personal Standards ◽  
Maladaptive Perfectionism ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes

Perfectionism is a multidimensional personality trait whose facets differentially relate to indicators of psychological functioning, such as global self-esteem. There has been some theoretical disagreement whether perfectionism affects global self-esteem, or vice versa. This question merits renewed attention due to increasing efforts to prevent the development of maladaptive perfectionism facets in adolescents. In addition, recent research has indicated a role of self-esteem for predicting personality development. This study aimed to clarify the longitudinal relations of multidimensional perfectionism and global self-esteem. A sample of 707 early adolescents participated in two measurement points two years apart. Global self-esteem positively predicted personal standards, negatively predicted doubts about actions, and did not predict concern over mistakes beyond baseline. Perfectionism facets did not longitudinally predict global self-esteem. These findings provide the first evidence for a role of global self-esteem in perfectionism development. Addressing early adolescents’ self-esteem may aid in preventing the development of maladaptive perfectionism facets.

Two-Year College Coaches of Women's Teams: Gender Differences in Coaching Career Selections

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
New England ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Two Year College ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
College Coaches ◽  
Univariate Analyses

The present study examined the factors that influence male and female 2-year college coaches of women's teams to select and possibly leave a career in coaching. Of 200 coaches from five athletic conferences in the Mid-Atlantic/New England region, 90 (45%) participated in the study. Two separate MANOVAs were used to analyze each of the two sets of dependent variables (reasons for selecting and reasons for leaving coaching) with the independent variable (gender). Univariate analyses showed that females valued “helping female athletes reach their athletic potential” as a reason for being a coach significantly more than males did. Female coaches also rated significantly higher than males the factors “burden of administrative duties” and “increased intensity in recruiting student-athletes” as reasons to leave the coaching profession.

Sex-Related Differences in the Incidence, Severity, and Recovery of Concussion in Adolescent Student-Athletes Between 2009 and 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110085
Author(s):  
Theodore C. Hannah ◽  
Adam Y. Li ◽  
Zachary Spiera ◽  
Lindsey Kuohn ◽  
Jennifer Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Young Student ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male And Female

Background: The sex of an athlete is thought to modulate concussion incidence; however, the effects of sex on concussion severity and recovery are less clear. Purpose: To evaluate sex differences in concussion severity and recovery using a large, heterogeneous sample of young student-athletes with the goal of understanding how sex affects concussion outcomes in young athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing results of 11,563 baseline and 5216 postinjury tests were used to calculate the incidence of concussion of adolescent male and female student-athletes ages 12 to 22 years (median, 15 years). The postinjury tests of 3465 male and 1751 female student-athletes evaluated for concussion or head trauma were used to assess differences in the Severity Index (SI) and recovery. Chi-square tests and t tests were used to compare differences in demographic characteristics, incidence, and SI between the 2 cohorts. Multivariable linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to control for differences between cohorts in analyses of incidence, SI, and recovery. Results: When we controlled for demographic differences, female participants had higher odds of concussion (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.40-1.86; P < .0001) and higher SI after concussion (β = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.02-1.32; P = .04). This discrepancy in SI was a result of differences in Symptom (2.40 vs 2.94; P < .0001) and Processing Speed (0.91 vs 1.06; P = .01) composite scores between male and female participants, respectively. We found no effect of sex on time to recovery when controlling for initial concussion SI (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.78-1.12; P = .48). Conclusion: Using large, multisport cohorts, this study provides evidence that female athletes are at higher risk for more concussions and these concussions are more severe, but male and female athletes have similar recovery times when the analysis controls for initial concussion SI.

scholarly journals The Effect of Competitive Sport on Achievement’s Motive—Study of Between Students’ Athletes and Students’ Non-Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Albadi Sinulingga
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
North Sumatra

<em>This study aims to reveal whether the sporting achievement (high performance) among student athletes able to cultivate qualities oriented achievement motivation. Research by design ex post de facto (research after the event) in which the data collection techniques using achievement motivation questionnaire. The Achievement motivation questionnaire arranged and developed following the Likert model with reference to five levels, with a reliability of 0.85, while the alternative answers were arranged in such a way in the form of simulation. The population in this study was the PPLP student athletes in North Sumatra and students of SMA 6 Medan. Based on the results of the study at 95% confidence level (α 0.05), significantly found (1) there were differences in achievement motivation among student athletes and non-athletes, (2) there was no difference in achievement motivation by the length of exercise, (3) there were no difference in achievement motivation of athletes male and female athletes, (4) there was not difference in achievement motivation among the 7 sports. The results of the study recommended that to improve students achievement motivation should participate or engage in competitive sports.</em>

scholarly journals Long-Term Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Among Cross-Country Skiers: Cohort Study of Endurance-Trained Male and Female Athletes

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Svedberg ◽  
Johan Sundström ◽  
Stefan James ◽  
Ulf Hållmarker ◽  
Kristina Hambraeus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cross Country
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