Estimation of the frequency of occurence of italian phonemes in text

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2809-2809
Author(s):  
Javier Arango ◽  
Alec DeCaprio ◽  
Stephanie Yao ◽  
Sunwoo Baik ◽  
Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Of Occurence

Are synonymous codons indeed synonymous?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Venetianer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Synonymous Codons ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Trna Species ◽  
Frequency Of Occurence

AbstractIt has long been known that the distribution and frequency of occurence of synonymous codons can vary greatly among different species, and that the abundance of isoaccepting tRNA species could also be very different. The interaction of these two factors may influence the rate and efficiency of protein synthesis and therefore synonymous mutations might influence the fitness of the organism and cannot be treated generally as ‘neutral’ in an evolutionary sense. These general effects of synonymous mutations, and their possible role in evolution, have been discussed in several recent papers. This review, however, will only deal with the influence of synonymous codon replacements on the expression of individual genes. It will describe the possible mechanisms of such effects and will present examples demonstrating the existence and effects of each of these mechanisms.

The effects of isolation, habitat fragmentation and degradation by livestock grazing on the use by birds of patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodland in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
J. R. Weeldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
Frequency Of Occurence

The numbers of species, and the frequency of occurrence of individual species, in patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodland in remnants of native vegetation in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia were recorded over a year. These values were examined in relation to the structural characteristics of the patches and the biogeographic attributes of the remnants (i.e., size and various indices of isolation from other native vegetation). There were five patches in large remnants (>100 ha) and 24 patches in small remnants (0.5?27.0 ha). Most of the small remnants were grazed by livestock and had lost much or all of the shrub understorey. The Galah Cacatua roseicapilla and Port Lincoln Ringnecked Parrot Platycercus zonarius were found in all patches, but the remaining large species of birds (Australian Raven Corvus coronoides,Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigroregularis, Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes, and Yellow-throated Miner Manorina flavigula) were found more frequently in patches in small remnants. Conversely, with the exception of the Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus, small passerine species were found less frequently in patches in small remnants. Remnant size was significantly negatively correlated with frequency of occurrence of six of the eight common large species, indicating that these species concentrated in patches in small remnants, and significantly positively correlated with frequency of occurrence of two of four small passerine species. Having taken out the effect of remnant area, a stepwise regression procedure was used to see whether other biogeographic attributes of the remnants or habitat structure in the patches influenced the frequency of occurrence of individual species and species richness. As area of native vegetation within a 5 km radius increased so did the frequency of occurrence of the Galah and Port Lincoln Parrot, indicating that local numbers of the species affects their presence. Of the large birds only the Yellowthroated Miner was influenced by patch structural attributes whereas all species of small passerines showed responses to various structural attributes of the patches. Frequency of occurrence of the Striated Pardalote and the number of species of small passerines in a patch decreased with increasing distance to the nearest native vegatation. Overall frequency of occurence of small passerines increased with the number of linear strips of native vegetation linked to a remnant. In this study a majority of the small remnants were too small to support resident birds. The Gimlet patches, if used, would be part of a home range. Loss of the shrub understorey through grazing and loss of canopy cover through tree deaths had a significant impact on numbers of species of small passerines using the Gimlet patches. The conservation value of the patches in small remnants would be enhanced by increasing remnant size and by the linking of remnants to nearby native vegetation.

scholarly journals Improving Student’s Professional Communication Abilities – A Part of Career Success?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Constantin-Iulian Tănaşcu ◽  
Cristina State ◽  
Raluca-Elena Ghinea ◽  
Robert-Andrei Costache
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Future ◽  
Frequency Of Occurence

Communication is the essence of interpersonal relations. The outcomes of all the activities we carry out depend on how we communicate, and in spite of the fact that it is essential that we prove our communication skills, we are poorer and poorer at doing so. Our study aims at revealing whether and to what extent young graduates of Romanian universities are aware of the importance of acquiring, practising and improving their communication skills, the more so that such abilities are decisive when it comes to achieving success in one’s career. Our study was conducted between 2-13 May, 2019 on the basis of an online questionnaire. The research methodology used in order to achieve the objectives formulated in the study consists in quantitative research, by means of a survey supported via an online questionnaire. The analysis of the data collected by means of the questionnaire was done using techniques such as: frequency of occurence of the answers to the questions addressed to the participants in the study, multiple response analysis and, where appropriate, in order to enhance the interpretation of the results, the calculation of the interquartiles applied to the questions quoted on a 10 point Likert-type scale. The 195 answers received were validated, analysed and processed econometrically using the SPSS for Windows and ANOVA applications. On the one hand, We have noticed that universities do not ensure minimum training to the future graduates with respect to the acquisition and development of communication and negotiation skills. For this matter we intend to extend the study in the near future, to see if this is the result of a lack of concern/interest on the part of the universities and/or on the part of future graduates. At the same time, we have found that the future university graduates are not stimulated to become aware of the importance of developing their communication and negotiation skills or to actively participate in various forms of scientific interaction such as national or international scientific sessions, round tables, meetings with outstanding representatives of the business environment, etc. Obviously, we are aware of the limitations of our study. Thus, we consider that its addressability was rather restricted. The group of respondents included very young graduates of economic higher education institutions. On the other hand, the respondents were not previously selected, so that there is the risk that the points of view expressed would be based not only on experience, but on intuition. Extending the respondent base (both in terms of age/expertise and field of activity) is also and important point for future action. Finally, we have formulated several proposals meant to contribute, in our opinion, to giving more importance to the training and development of business communication and negotiation abilities as a prerequisite of career success. Keywords: career success, graduates, communication abilities, interpersonal relations

scholarly journals KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA ORI, MALUKU TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Sarah Haumahu ◽  
Frijona F Lokollo ◽  
Reni Ambon
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Seagrass Community ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
The World ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Frequency Of Occurence

Seagrass communities play an important role in marine environments and estuary area, supporting communities of fish, snails and shellfish and other invertebrates. The diversity of seagrass species in the world is very low (<60 species). The coastal waters of Ori Village have a seagrass community that has never been studied. The purpose of this study was to estimate the structure of the seagrass community in the coastal waters of Ori Village, Central Maluku which includes the composition of type, density, frequency of occurence and percent of coverage. Seagrass sampling uses the line transect method. Five species of seagrass were found during the study grouped into two families: Cymodoceaceae and Hydrocharitaceae. The seagrass species found were Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, Enhalus acoroides Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii. T. hemprichii and E. acoroides have the highest densities (157 shoots/m2 and 137 shoots/m2, respectively). E. acoroides and T. hemprichii also have the highest frequency of occurence and relative coverage percent compared to other seagrass species found in the waters of Ori Village. Seagrass community in the waters of Ori Village is classified in a tight condition until dense.   ABSTRAK Komunitas lamun memegang peranan penting di lingkungan laut dan daerah estuari, menyokong komunitas ikan, siput dan kerang-kerangan serta invertebrata lainnya. Keragaman spesies lamun di dunia sangat rendah (<60 spesies). Perairan pantai Desa Ori memiliki komunitas lamun yang belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi struktur komunitas lamun di perairan pantai Desa Ori, Maluku Tengah yang meliputi komposisi jenis, kerapatan, frekuensi kehadiran dan persen penutupan. Pengambilan sampel lamun menggunakan metode transek garis. Lima spesies lamun ditemukan selama penelitian yang dikelompokan dalam dua famili yaitu famili Cymodoceaceae dan Hydrocharitaceae. Spesies-spesies lamun yang ditemukan adalah Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule pinifolia, Enhalus acoroides Halophila ovalis danThalassia hemprichii. T. hemprichii dan E. acoroides memiliki kerapatan tertinggi (masing-masing 157 tegakan/m2 dan 137 tegakan/m2). E. acoroides dan T. hemprichii juga memiliki frekuensi kehadiran serta persen penutupan relatif tertinggi dibanding spesies-spesies lamun lainnya yang ditemukan di perairan Desa Ori. Komunitas lamun di perairan Desa Ori tergolong dalam kondisi rapat sampai padat.   Kata Kunci: Lamun, komunitas, kerapatan, penutupan, Maluku Tengah      

scholarly journals Frequency of Occurence of Phonemes in American Spanish

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguelina Guirao ◽  
María A. García Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Frequency Of Occurence ◽  
Final Syllable

Abstract A computer aided inventory of the frequency and distribution of American Spanish phonemes is reported. The corpus, drawn from five modern plays, contained 163,861 phonemes in 74,460 syllables and 43,306 words. First single elements were counted. The seven first sounds /e a o s n r i/ account for 67.5% of the total occurrences. The relative distribution of phonemes in the most frequent syllables was calculated. Higher scores correspond to /a e o/ and /s n d k t/. All phonemes were distributed according to their initial and final syllable and words position.

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