Infrasound measurements of tornadoes and other severe storm events at close range

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 2492-2492
Author(s):  
Brandon White ◽  
Bryce Lindsey ◽  
Imraan Faruque ◽  
Brian R. Elbing
Keyword(s):  
Storm Events ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Close Range

Analysis and modeling of timber storage accumulation after severe storm events in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Zimmermann ◽  
Tobias Schuetz ◽  
Holger Weimar
Keyword(s):  
Storm Events ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Timber Storage

Factors of perceived threat regarding severe storm events: Results of a vignette study in four European countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Hahm ◽  
Diana Kietzmann ◽  
Sandra Lemanski ◽  
Daniela Knuth ◽  
Silke Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Vignette Study

scholarly journals Extreme value modelling of storm damage in Swedish forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bengtsson ◽  
C. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Damage Data

Abstract. Forests cover about 56% of the land area in Sweden and forest damage due to strong winds has been a recurring problem. In this paper we analyse recorded storm damage in Swedish forests for the years 1965–2007. During the period 48 individual storm events with a total damage of 164 Mm³ have been reported with the severe storm on 8 to 9 January 2005, as the worst with 70 Mm³ damaged forest. For the analysis, storm damage data has been normalised to account for the increase in total forest volume over the period. We show that, within the framework of statistical extreme value theory, a Poisson point process model can be used to describe these storm damage events. Damage data supports a heavy-tailed distribution with great variability in damage for the worst storm events. According to the model, and in view of available data, the return period for a storm with damage in size of the severe storm of January 2005 is approximately 80 years, i.e. a storm with damage of this magnitude will happen, on average, once every eighty years. To investigate a possible temporal trend, models with time-dependent parameters have been analysed but give no conclusive evidence of an increasing trend in the normalised storm damage data for the period. Using a non-parametric approach with a kernel based local-likelihood method gives the same result.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FUTURE STORM CLUSTERING ON BEACH/DUNE EVOLUTION AND COASTAL FLOODING

2017 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpa Dissanayake ◽  
Jennifer Brown ◽  
Harshinie Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Cluster Approach ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Tidal Area ◽  
High Dune ◽  
Dune Area

Future storm impacts on dune evolution due to changing storm frequency were simulated in XBeach at an exemplary dune system, Formby Point, UK. Probabilistic approaches were used to establish the future storm clusters from 2015 to 2065 in three scenarios, using measured data in Liverpool Bay. Cross-shore profile simulations were carried out in two series: Recovery and Cluster. Recovery used the same initial profile assuming that the profile is fully recovered when the subsequent storm event occurs. Cluster used the modified profile from the previous storm event. Within a single event, the maximum erosion and accretion of the profile occurred under the Recovery conditions due to the presence of a pronounced nearshore ridge-runnel pattern that evolved during severe storm events. Only a few storm events impacted on the upper dune area resulting in a bed level change, which under the Cluster approach was more noticeable when compared with the Recovery approach. The inter-tidal area experienced erosion while the sub-tidal area showed accretion in both the Recovery and the Cluster approaches, and the agreement of bed level change was considerably higher than that in the upper dune area. Vulnerability of the upper dune area increases in the Cluster approach as the initial storm events flatten the nearshore ridge-runnel pattern, and then the severe storm events directly impact on the dune front. High dune elevation at Formby Point prevents lowering of the dune crest due to the storm cluster erosion and therefore it can still withstand against flooding. Spatial modelling of the dune system is required to gain more insights of erosion and flood prone areas along this coast.

Diagnosis and sensitivity study of two severe storm events in the Southeastern Andes

2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. García-Ortega ◽  
L. López ◽  
J.L. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Severe Storm

Post-Hurricane Michael damage assessment using ADCIRC storm surge hindcast, image classification, and LiDAR

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Davis ◽  
Diana Mitsova ◽  
Tynon Briggs ◽  
Tiffany Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Magnetic Current ◽  
Coastal Mapping ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Wave forcing from hurricanes, nor’easters, and energetic storms can cause erosion of the berm and beach face resulting in increased vulnerability of dunes and coastal infrastructure. LIDAR or other surveying techniques have quantified post-event morphology, but there is a lack of in situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements during extreme storm events. Two field studies were conducted in March 2018 and April 2019 at Bethany Beach, Delaware, where in situ hydrodynamic and morphodynamic measurements were made during a nor’easter (Nor’easter Riley) and an energetic storm (Easter Eve Storm). An array of sensors to measure water velocity, water depth, water elevation and bed elevation were mounted to scaffold pipes and deployed in a single cross-shore transect. Water velocity was measured using an electro-magnetic current meter while water and bed elevations were measured using an acoustic distance meter along with an algorithm to differentiate between the water and bed during swash processes. GPS profiles of the beach face were measured during every day-time low tide throughout the storm events. Both accretion and erosion were measured at different cross-shore positions and at different times during the storm events. Morphodynamic change along the back-beach was found to be related to berm erosion, suggesting an important morphologic feedback mechanism. Accumulated wave energy and wave energy flux per unit area between Nor’easter Riley and a recent mid-Atlantic hurricane (Hurricane Dorian) were calculated and compared. Coastal Observations: JALBTCX/NCMP emergency-response airborne Lidar coastal mapping & quick response data products for 2016/2017/2018 hurricane impact assessments

Unpacking storm damages on a developed shoreline: Relating dune erosion and urban runoff

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Patrick Barrineau ◽  
Timothy Kana
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dune Erosion ◽  
Groundwater Flux ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
Myrtle Beach ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Elevation Model

Hurricane Matthew (2016) caused significant beach and dune erosion from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. At Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, the storm caused beach recession, and much of the southern half of the city’s beaches appeared to be overwashed in post-storm surveys. Around half of the city’s beaches appeared overwashed following the storm; however, the Storm Impact Scale (SIS; Sallenger 2000) applied to a pre-storm elevation model suggests less than 10% of the city’s beaches should have experienced overwash. Spatial analysis of elevation and land cover data reveals dunes that were “overwashed” during Matthew drain from watersheds that are >35% impervious, where those showing only dune recession are <5% impervious. The densely developed downtown of Myrtle Beach sits on a low seaward-sloping terrace. Additionally, indurated strata beneath the downtown area can prevent groundwater from draining during excessive rain events. As a result, the most continuous impervious surface cover and near-surface strata lie within a half-kilometer of the beach and drain directly to the backshore. Along the U.S. Southeast coast, this is somewhat rare; many coastal systems feature a lagoon or low-lying bottomland along their landward border, which facilitates drainage of upland impervious surfaces following storm passage. At Myrtle Beach, all of the stormwater runoff is drained directly to the beach through a series of outfall pipes. Many of the outfall pipes are located along the backshore, near the elevation of storm surge during Matthew. Runoff from Matthew’s heavy rains was observed causing ponding on the landward side of the foredune and scouring around beach access walkways. Based on these observations, the severe dune erosion experienced near downtown Myrtle Beach during Hurricane Matthew may have been caused by runoff and/or groundwater flux rather than overwash. These results highlight an unexpected relationship between upland conditions and dune erosion on a developed shoreline. That is, dune erosion can be caused by mechanisms beside overwash during storm events.

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