A pitch encoding model based on the intrinsic oscillation circuit: Effects of the time constant and input stimulus types

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1747-1747
Author(s):  
Minoru Tsuzaki ◽  
Katuhiro Maki
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Input Stimulus ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Oscillation Circuit ◽  
Intrinsic Oscillation

Modelling the MOS Device Conductance Using an Extended Tunnelling Model and Subsequent Determination of Interface Traps.

2005 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Konofaos
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Admittance Spectroscopy ◽  
Interface Traps ◽  
Tunneling Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Mis Devices

AbstractThe contribution of the AC conductance on admittance spectroscopy measurements on Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) devices allows the calculation of the interface traps density and the relevant time constant. Two equivalent model approaches can be applied in order to explain the experimental results. One model is the statistical model based on the Shockley- Read-Hall (S-R-H) recombination statistics and the other one is a model based on the quantum tunneling effect. Recent evidence suggest that the tunneling model can be equivalent to the statistical one if a continuum of states is also considered in the modeling, creating an extended tunneling model. In the present paper, a further investigation on the extended model is attempted. Admittance spectroscopy data were collected for various Insulator/Si combinations, such as SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 deposited on Si. Both the S-R-H based and the extended tunneling models were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the extended tunneling can model the conductance of the device successfully and can calculate the interface states density and the traps time constant.

Model-based study of the human cupular time constant

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjia Dai ◽  
Avniel Klein ◽  
Bernard Cohen ◽  
Theodore Raphan
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
Velocity Storage ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Eye Velocity

The time constant of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR), measured from the response to steps of rotation about a yaw axis, has frequently been estimated as a single exponential. However, the slow phase velocity envelope during per- or post-rotatory nystagmus is more accurately represented by two exponential modes. One represents activity in the vestibular nerve induced by deflection of the cupula, the other by activation that the input from the canals produces in the central velocity storage integrator. The sum of the cupula and the integrator responses describes the overall response of slow phase eye velocity and can be approximated by a double exponential. Frequently, there is a plateau in the initial portion of eye velocity response, but this may be masked by habituation, making the cupula contribution unobservable and impossible to estimate. Using a model-based technique to analyze responses with a clear plateau, we estimated peripheral and central vestibular time constants by double exponential fits to slow phase eye velocity. Cupular time constants were varied from 1 to 10 s to identify values that gave optimal fits of the data according to a Chi-square criterion. The mean cupular time constant for 10 human subjects was 4.2 ± 0.6 s. Fits of the data were also good for time constants between 3.5 to 7 s, but not for 1 to 3 or 7.5 to 10 s. The estimated cupular time constants also fit responses where there was no plateau. In 8 monkeys, cupular time constants were estimated as 3.9 ± 0.5 s, which agreed with those derived from activity in the vestibular nerve. There was no difference between monkey and human cupular time constants from these estimates. It is likely that the human cupular time constant is similar to that of the monkey and shorter than previously thought.

scholarly journals Formation and decay of auditory short-term memory in the macaque monkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 2401-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Teichert ◽  
Kate Gurnsey
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Echoic Memory ◽  
Auditory Recognition

Echoic memory (EM) is a short-lived, precategorical, and passive form of auditory short-term memory (STM). A key hallmark of EM is its rapid exponential decay with a time constant between 1 and 2 s. It is not clear whether auditory STM in the rhesus, an important model system, shares this rapid exponential decay. To resolve this shortcoming, two rhesus macaques were trained to perform a delayed frequency discrimination task. Discriminability of delayed tones was measured as a function of retention duration and the number of times the standard had been repeated before the target. Like in the human, our results show a rapid decline of discriminability with retention duration. In addition, the results suggest a gradual strengthening of discriminability with repetition number. Model-based analyses suggest the presence of two components of auditory STM: a short-lived component with a time constant on the order of 550 ms that most likely corresponds to EM and a more stable memory trace with time constants on the order of 10 s that strengthens with repetition and most likely corresponds to auditory recognition memory. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first detailed quantification of the rapid temporal dynamics of auditory short-term memory in the rhesus. Much of the auditory information in short-term memory is lost within the first couple of seconds. Repeated presentations of a tone strengthen its encoding into short-term memory. Model-based analyses suggest two distinct components: an echoic memory homolog that mediates the rapid decay and a more stable but less detail-rich component that mediates strengthening of the trace with repetition.

Isovolumic pressure-to-early rapid filling decay rate relation: model-based derivation and validation via simultaneous catheterization echocardiography

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Chung ◽  
David M. Ajo ◽  
Sándor J. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Linear Relations ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Relation Model ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Deceleration Time

Transmitral Doppler echocardiography is the preferred method of noninvasive diastolic function assessment. Correlations between catheterization-based measures of isovolumic relaxation (IVR) and transmitral, early rapid filling (Doppler E-wave)-derived parameters have been observed, but no model-based, causal explanation has been offered. IVR has also been characterized in terms of its duration as IVR time (IVRT) and by τ, the time-constant of IVR, by approximating the terminal left ventricular IVR pressure contour as P( t) = P∞ + Po e− t/τ, where P( t) is the continuity of pressure, P∞ and Po are constants, t is time, and τ is the time constant of IVR. To characterize the relation between IVR and early rapid filling more fully, simultaneous (micromanometric) left ventricular pressure and transmitral Doppler E-wave data from 25 subjects undergoing elective cardiac catheterization and having normal physiology were analyzed. The time constant τ was determined from the dP /d t vs. P (phase) plane and, simultaneous Doppler E-waves provided global indexes of chamber viscosity/relaxation ( c), chamber stiffness ( k), and load ( xo). We hypothesize that temporal continuity of pressure decay at mitral valve opening and physiological constraints permit the algebraic derivation of linear relations relating 1/τ to both peak atrioventricular pressure gradient ( kxo) and E-wave-derived viscosity/relaxation ( c) but does not support a similar, causal (linear) relation between deceleration time and τ or IVRT. Both predicted linear relations were observed: kxo to 1/τ ( r = 0.71) and viscosity/relaxation to 1/τ ( r = 0.71). Similarly, as anticipated, only a weak linear correlation between deceleration time and IVRT or τ was observed ( r = 0.41). The observed in vivo relationship provides insight into the isovolumic mechanism of relaxation and the changing-volume mechanism of early rapid filling via a link of the respective relaxation properties.

Model-Based Current Control for Single-Phase Grid-Tied Quasi-Z-Source Inverters With Virtual Time Constant

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 8277-8286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Komurcugil ◽  
Sertac Bayhan ◽  
Farzaneh Bagheri ◽  
Osman Kukrer ◽  
Haitham Abu-Rub
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Virtual Time

Representation, abstraction, and simple-minded sophisticates

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Bayesian Decision Theory ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Free

Abstract Bayesian decision theory provides a simple formal elucidation of some of the ways that representation and representational abstraction are involved with, and exploit, both prediction and its rather distant cousin, predictive coding. Both model-free and model-based methods are involved.

Quantitative Model-Based Image Analysis of NuMa Distribution Links Nuclear Organization with Cell Phenotype

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
David W. Knowles ◽  
Sophie A. Lelièvre ◽  
Carlos Ortiz de Solόrzano ◽  
Stephen J. Lockett ◽  
Mina J. Bissell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Organization ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Model Based

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in directing cell behaviour and morphogenesis by regulating gene expression and nuclear organization. Using non-malignant (S1) human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), it was previously shown that ECM-induced morphogenesis is accompanied by the redistribution of nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein from a diffuse pattern in proliferating cells, to a multi-focal pattern as HMECs growth arrested and completed morphogenesis . A process taking 10 to 14 days.To further investigate the link between NuMA distribution and the growth stage of HMECs, we have investigated the distribution of NuMA in non-malignant S1 cells and their malignant, T4, counter-part using a novel model-based image analysis technique. This technique, based on a multi-scale Gaussian blur analysis (Figure 1), quantifies the size of punctate features in an image. Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of a reconstituted basement membrane (rBM) and imaged in 3D using confocal microscopy, for fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies to NuMA (fαNuMA) and fluorescently labeled total DNA.

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