Development of an automated system for American society for testing and materials test method E1007

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 3776-3776
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Scinto
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Automated System ◽  
American Society

Residual Stress Measurements in an Autofrettage Tube Using Hole Drilling Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Jahed ◽  
Mohammad Reza Faritus ◽  
Zeinab Jahed
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Drilling Method ◽  
Ring Sample ◽  
Drilling Method ◽  
American Society

Relieved strains due to drilling hole in a ring sample cut from an autofrettage cylinder are measured. Measured strains are then transformed to residual stresses using calibration constants and mathematical relations of elasticity based on ASTM standard recommendations (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM E 837-08, 2008, “Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method,” American Society for Testing and Materials). The hydraulic autofrettage is pressurizing a closed-end long cylinder beyond its elastic limits and subsequently removing the pressure. In contrast to three-dimensional stress state in the autofrettage tube, the stress measurement in hole drilling method is performed on a traction free surface formed from cutting the ring sample. The process of cutting the ring sample from a long autofrettaged tube is simulated using finite element method (FEM) and the redistribution of the residual stress due to the cut is discussed. Hence, transformation of the hole drilling measurements on the ring slice to the autofrettage residual stresses is revealed. The residual stresses are also predicted by variable material properties (VMP) method (Jahed, H., and Dubey, R. N., 1997, “An Axisymmetric Method of Elastic-Plastic Analysis Capable of Predicting Residual Stress Field,” Trans. ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 119, pp. 264–273) using real loading and unloading behavior of the test material. Prediction results for residual hoop stress agree very well with the measurements. However, radial stress predictions are less than measured values particularly in the middle of the ring. To remove the discrepancy in radial residual stresses, the measured residual hoop stress that shows a self-balanced distribution was taken as the basis for calculating residual radial stresses using field equations of elasticity. The obtained residual stresses were improved a lot and were in good agreement with the VMP solution.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Arang Tempurung Kelapa Pada Tanah Lempung Terhadap Hasil Uji Kompaksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
Brigita Suzanna ◽  
Irwan Lie Keng Wong ◽  
Monika Datu Mirring Palinggi
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Coconut Shell Ash ◽  
American Society ◽  
Index Value

The purpose of this research is to determine the physical properties of clay soil and to analyze the effect of adding coconut shell charcoal ash to the clay soil. The soil samples used in this study came from Tanralili District, Maros Regency, two sample points were taken and the variations in the levels of addition of coconut shell charcoal ash is 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%. The test method used refers to ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials). The tests carried out were testing the physical properties of the soil in the form of moisture content, specific gravity, Atterberg boundaries, filter analysis, and hydrometer analysis, then a compaction test was carried out to determine the maximum soil density. The results of the test obtained a moisture content value of 28.811%, a specific gravity of 2.58 g / cm3 so that it is classified as organic clay. As well as the plasticity index value of 9.926% with moderate plasticity from the 7% -17% interval. Then from the test results of soil compaction testing with the addition of coconut shell ash, the dry density (gdry) equal to 0.862, 0.886, 0.914, 0.943, 0.962, this means that the soil sample experienced an increase in dry density (gdry) of 11.60%. From the research results it can be concluded that the addition of coconut shell charcoal ash can increase the value of soil dry density so that it can be used to increase the value of the carrying capacity of clay soil.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and validity of portable haemoglobinometer for the diagnosis of anaemia in children under the age of 5 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra da Silva Pereira ◽  
Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro ◽  
Flávia Fioruci Bezerra ◽  
José Firmino Nogueira Neto ◽  
Ana Carolina Feldenheimer da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Portable haemoglobinometers have been used in order to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in diverse settings. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate their performance in children of different age groups in distinct epidemiological contexts. To evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of a portable haemoglobinometer for the diagnosis of anaemia in children <5 years Hb was measured in the venous blood of 351 children <5 years by an automated system (standard method) and in three capillary blood samples, using a portable haemoglobinometer (HemoCue®; test method). The reproducibility of the device and of the test method was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (Hb in its continuous form), κ and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ (PABAK) (categorised variable: anaemia: yes/no). For test method validation, Bland–Altman analyses were performed and sensitivity, specificity, accuracy rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. The haemoglobinometer presented good device reproducibility (ICC = 0·79) and reasonable method reproducibility (puncture, collection and reading) (ICC = 0·71). Superficial and fair agreement (κ) and good agreement (PABAK) were observed among the diagnoses obtained through the test method. The prevalence of anaemia was 19·1 and 19·7 % using the standard and the test method, respectively, with no statistically significant differences. The test method presented higher specificity (87·7 %) and NPV (88·3 %) than sensitivity (50·7 %) and PPV (49·3 %), and intermediary accuracy rate (57·8 %). HemoCue® showed good device reproducibility and reasonable method reproducibility, as well as good performance in estimating the prevalence of anaemia. Nevertheless, it showed a fair reliability and low individual diagnostic accuracy.

Sensitivity Analysis of Semi-Circular Bending Test using Plackett–Burman Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Shadi Saadeh ◽  
Yazan Al-Zubi ◽  
Enad Mahmoud ◽  
David Renteria ◽  
Louay Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Notch Depth ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Scb Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
American Society ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect

The semi-circular bending (SCB) test is a recently developed test method, adopted by the American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM) as ASTM D8044, to evaluate the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. To measure the robustness of the SCB test, a ruggedness test is needed. In this study, the effect of small changes in the key parameters of the test method on the results of the test were numerically investigated. The test method has many variables and set up conditions. Examining all of these parameters would be cumbersome using traditional testing and statistical techniques, as they require a significantly high number of samples. The Plackett–Burman (PB) technique was used to conduct the ruggedness test while reducing the number of tests required. Seven parameters have been examined: notch location, notch depth (low, intermediate and high), air voids, loading rate, and span length. Even using the PB technique, 16 scenarios need to be tested, and each scenario requires three specimens, one for each of the three notch depths. Hence the process requires plenty of time and material. In this study, the SCB test was modeled using a discrete element method (DEM) approach to analyze the fracture behavior of the samples. DEM was used to develop a model that reduced the time and materials required for the SCB test. Results showed that the parameters with most positive effect were intermediate notch depth and notch location, while those with the most negative effect were loading rates and air voids.

ASTM E 1559 Method for Measuring Material Outgassing/Deposition Kinetics

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
J. Garrett ◽  
A. Glassford ◽  
J. Steakley
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Deposition Kinetics ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Typical Data ◽  
American Society ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Measurement Approach

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has published a new standard test method for characterizing time and temperature dependence of material outgassing kinetics and the deposition kinetics of outgassed species on surfaces at various temperatures. This new ASTM standard, E 1559,1 uses the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) collection measurement approach. The test method was originally developed under a program sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory to create a standard test method for obtaining outgassing and deposition kinetics data for spacecraft materials. Standardization by ASTM recognizes that the method has applications beyond aerospace. In particular, the method will provide data of use to the electronics, semiconductor, and high vacuum industries. This paper describes the ASTM E 1559 test method and presents some typical data. the paper also describes the Lockheed ASTM E 1559 test apparatus.

Terminal Decontamination of Patient Rooms Using an Automated Mobile UV Light Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce ◽  
Nancy L. Havill ◽  
Brent A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
American Society ◽  
Carrier Test ◽  
Uv C

Objective.To determine the ability of a mobile UV light unit to reduce bacterial contamination of environmental surfaces in patient rooms.Methods.An automated mobile UV light unit that emits UV-C light was placed in 25 patient rooms after patient discharge and operated using a 1- or 2-stage procedure. Aerobic colony counts were calculated for each of 5 standardized high-touch surfaces in the rooms before and after UV light decontamination (UVLD). Clostridium difficile spore log reductions achieved were determined using a modification of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International E2197 quantitative disk carrier test method. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD were measured.Results.For the 1-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts for the 5 high-touch surfaces ranged from 10.6 to 98.2 colony-forming units (CFUs) per Dey/Engley (D/E) plate before UVLD and from 0.3 to 24.0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 surfaces (all P<.02). Surfaces in direct line of sight were significantly more likely to yield negative culture results after UVLD than before UVLD (all P<.001). Mean C. difficile spore log reductions ranged from 1.8 to 2.9. UVLD cycle times ranged from 34.2 to 100.1 minutes. For the 2-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts ranged from 10.0 to 89.2 CFUs per D/E plate before UVLD and were 0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 high-touch surfaces. UVLD cycle times ranged from 72.1 to 146.3 minutes. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD ranged from undetectable to 0.012 ppm.Conclusions.The mobile UV-C light unit significantly reduced aerobic colony counts and C. difficile spores on contaminated surfaces in patient rooms.

The ASTM International Standard Test Method for Determining the Superplastic Properties of Metallic Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 551-552 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Peter N. Comley
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Metallic Materials ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
American Society ◽  
Superplastic Properties

Over the last 40 years there have been many papers published showing superplastic properties of metallic materials. However there has been no standardized test available to assess and compare material, and researchers and companies in the field have devised a number of different methods to show superplastic properties. The value of these properties can vary dependent on the test method used. ASTM International (formerly The American Society for Testing and Materials ) has developed a standardized test method for superplastic properties. The standard is intended for all to use as a common platform for testing, evaluating and publishing superplastic properties to a uniform format, useful for both academia and industry. The paper outlines the main points of the standard, including:- The coupon geometry and the method of clamping the coupon in the grips. The furnace and test machine requirements. The testing conditions and the method of pulling the coupon. The analysis of the load and extension data from the test, and the standard presentation of superplastic properties. The basic superplastic properties of stress versus strain for any particular constant strain rate. The method to determine ‘m’, using a step method at a particular strain. Some data is presented showing how the properties of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are derived and presented using the standard.

In vitro stent assessment by MRI: visibility of lumen and artifacts for 27 modern stents

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Heinrich ◽  
Felix V. Güttler ◽  
Florian Schlesies ◽  
René Aschenbach ◽  
Niklas Eckardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Test ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Turbo Spin Echo ◽  
Radio Frequency Field ◽  
Nitinol Stents ◽  
Repetition Time ◽  
American Society ◽  
Stent Lumen

AbstractPurpose:The purpose of this study was to measure artifacts and visibility of lumen for modern and most commonly used stents in vascular interventions according to a standardized test method of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Materials and methods:Twenty-four peripheral self-expanding nitinol stents and three stainless steel stents with diameters between 5 and 8 mm and lengths between 30 and 250 mm from seven different manufacturers were compared on a 1.5T and a 3T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The visualization of lumen and artifacts was measured according to ASTM F2119 for a turbo spin echo (TSE) [repetition time(TR)/echo time (TE) 500/26 ms] and a gradient echo (GRE) (TR/TE 100/15 ms) sequence. The stents were placed parallel and perpendicular to the radio frequency field (BResults:There were large differences in visibility of the lumen for the stent models. The visualization of the lumen varies between 0% and 93% (perpendicular to BConclusion:Reliable stent lumen visualization is possible for Misago, Supera, Tigris, and Viabahn stents, if their axis is perpendicular to B

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