Terminal Decontamination of Patient Rooms Using an Automated Mobile UV Light Unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Boyce ◽  
Nancy L. Havill ◽  
Brent A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
American Society ◽  
Carrier Test ◽  
Uv C

Objective.To determine the ability of a mobile UV light unit to reduce bacterial contamination of environmental surfaces in patient rooms.Methods.An automated mobile UV light unit that emits UV-C light was placed in 25 patient rooms after patient discharge and operated using a 1- or 2-stage procedure. Aerobic colony counts were calculated for each of 5 standardized high-touch surfaces in the rooms before and after UV light decontamination (UVLD). Clostridium difficile spore log reductions achieved were determined using a modification of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International E2197 quantitative disk carrier test method. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD were measured.Results.For the 1-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts for the 5 high-touch surfaces ranged from 10.6 to 98.2 colony-forming units (CFUs) per Dey/Engley (D/E) plate before UVLD and from 0.3 to 24.0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 surfaces (all P<.02). Surfaces in direct line of sight were significantly more likely to yield negative culture results after UVLD than before UVLD (all P<.001). Mean C. difficile spore log reductions ranged from 1.8 to 2.9. UVLD cycle times ranged from 34.2 to 100.1 minutes. For the 2-stage procedure, mean aerobic colony counts ranged from 10.0 to 89.2 CFUs per D/E plate before UVLD and were 0 CFUs per D/E plate after UVLD, with significant reductions for all 5 high-touch surfaces. UVLD cycle times ranged from 72.1 to 146.3 minutes. In-room ozone concentrations during UVLD ranged from undetectable to 0.012 ppm.Conclusions.The mobile UV-C light unit significantly reduced aerobic colony counts and C. difficile spores on contaminated surfaces in patient rooms.

Efficacy of relatively low-cost ultraviolet-C light devices against Candida auris

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Basya S. Pearlmutter ◽  
Muhammed F. Haq ◽  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Annette L. Jencson ◽  
Matthew Carlisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Colorimetric Indicator ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
American Society ◽  
Carrier Test ◽  
Uv C

Abstract Background: Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light devices could be useful to reduce environmental contamination with Candida auris. However, variable susceptibility of C. auris strains to UV-C has been reported, and the high cost of many devices limits their use in resource-limited settings. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of relatively low-cost (<$15,000 purchase price) UV-C devices against C. auris strains from the 4 major phylogenetic clades. Methods: A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard quantitative disk carrier test method (ASTM E 2197) was used to examine and compare the effectiveness of UV-C devices against C. auris, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and bacteriophage Phi6. Reductions of 3 log10 were considered effective. UV-C irradiance measurements and colorimetric indicators were used to assess UV-C output. Results: Of 8 relatively low-cost UV-C devices, 6 met the criteria for effective decontamination of C. auris isolates from clades I and II, MRSA, and bacteriophage Phi6, including 3 room decontamination devices and 3 UV-C box devices. Candida auris isolates from clades III and IV were less susceptible to UV-C than clade I and II isolates; 1 relatively low-cost room decontamination device and 2 enclosed box devices met the criteria for effective decontamination of clade III and IV isolates. UV-C irradiance measurements and colorimetric indicator results were consistent with microorganism reductions. Conclusions: Some relatively low-cost UV-C light technologies are effective against C. auris, including isolates from clades III and IV with reduced UV-C susceptibility. Studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of UV-C devices in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Measuring the Impact of Continuous Disinfection Strategies on Environmental Burden in Outpatient Settings: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobby G Warren ◽  
Nicholas Turner ◽  
Becky Smith ◽  
Rachel Addison ◽  
Samantha Marden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Our primary objective was to determine the effectiveness of 2 enhanced disinfection strategies compared with standard disinfection: “near-UV” light (Arm 1) and a persistent organosilane quaternary ammonium disinfectant (Arm 2) using a triple-blind study design. Our secondary objective was to characterize environmental contamination of outpatient clinics. Methods This trial was conducted at 2 clinics: the wound and pulmonary outpatient clinics at Duke University Health System in Durham, North Carolina. In Arm 1, room overhead lights were replaced with 405-nm near-UV visible light bulbs. In Arm 2, the organosilane quaternary ammonium disinfectant was applied to all room surfaces. The control arm received no intervention. All arms received routine disinfection. Room contamination was measured twice daily (before and after clinic) over 25 clinic days. Results The primary outcome was the change in total contamination, measured in colony forming units (CFUs), on environmental surfaces at the end of the clinic day compared with the beginning of the clinic day. Results from each intervention arm were compared against results from the control arm. The median delta total CFU for Arm 1 was 2092 CFUs (interquartile range [IQR], −1815 to 8566); the median delta for Arm 2 was 2016 CFUs (IQR, −1443 to 7430). Compared with the control arm (median delta = 1987 [IQR, −1611 to 15 857]), neither intervention led to a significant decrease in daily room contamination change (P for Arm 1 = 0.78 and P for Arm 2 = 0.71). Conclusions Neither near-UV lights or a persistent organosilane quaternary ammonium disinfectant reduced environmental contamination in 2 outpatient clinics compared with control rooms but did reduce the number of clinically important pathogens recovered.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ultraviolet-C Light and a High-Level Disinfection Cabinet for Decontamination of N95 Respirators

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Cadnum ◽  
Daniel Li ◽  
Sarah N. Redmond ◽  
Amrita R. John ◽  
Basya Pearlmutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
American Society ◽  
High Level ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Disk Test

Background-Shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) including N95 filtering facepiece respirators is an urgent concern in the setting of the global COVID-19 pandemic.  Decontamination of PPE could be useful to maintain adequate supplies, but there is uncertainty regarding the efficacy of decontamination technologies.Methods-A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method (ASTM E-2197-11) was used to examine the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light, a high-level disinfection cabinet that generates aerosolized peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and dry heat at 70°C for 30 minutes for decontamination of bacteriophages Phi6 and MS2 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inoculated onto 3 commercial N95 respirators.  Three and 6 log10 reductions on N95 respirators were considered effective for decontamination and disinfection, respectively. Results-UV-C administered as a 1-minute cycle in a UV-C box or a 30-minute cycle by a room decontamination device reduced contamination but did not meet criteria for decontamination of the viruses from all sites for any of the N95s.  The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of all the organisms from the N95s and achieved disinfection with 3 disinfection cycles over ~60 minutes.  Dry heat at 70°C for 30 minutes was not effective for decontamination of the bacteriophages.  Conclusions-UV-C could be useful to reduce contamination on N95 respirators.  However, the UV-C technologies studied did not meet our criteria for decontamination under the test conditions used.  The high-level disinfection cabinet was effective for decontamination of N95s and met criteria for disinfection with multiple cycles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ultraviolet-C Light for Rapid Decontamination of Airport Security Bins in the Era of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Daniel F. Li ◽  
Lucas D. Jones ◽  
Sarah N. Redmond ◽  
Basya Pearlmutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Bacteriophage Ms2 ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
American Society ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Rna And Dna

Background:  Contaminated surfaces are a potential source for spread of respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2.  Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light is effective against RNA and DNA viruses and could be useful for decontamination of high-touch fomites that are shared by multiple users. Methods:  A modification of the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method (ASTM E-2197-11) was used to examine the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light for rapid decontamination of plastic airport security bins inoculated at 3 sites with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and bacteriophages MS2, PhiX174, and Phi6, an enveloped RNA virus used as a surrogate for coronaviruses. Three log10 reductions on inoculated plastic bins were considered effective for decontamination. Results: UV-C light administered as 10-, 20-, or 30-second cycles in proximity to a plastic bin reduced contamination on each of the test sites, including vertical and horizontal surfaces.  The 30-second cycle met criteria for decontamination of all 3 test sites for all the test organisms except bacteriophage MS2 which was reduced by greater than 2 log10 PFU at each site. Conclusions: UV-C light is an attractive technology for rapid decontamination of airport security bins.  Further work is needed to evaluate the utility of UV-C light in real-world settings and to develop methods to provide automated movement of bins through a UV-C decontamination process.

scholarly journals UV light-based reprocessing of flexible endoscopes without working channel in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology: an effective method?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan A. Rudhart ◽  
Frank Günther ◽  
Laura Dapper ◽  
Kruthika Thangavelu ◽  
Urban W. Geisthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Flexible Endoscopy ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uv C

Abstract Background Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes (FEs) is often expensive, time consuming, and becomes increasingly complex, due to rising demands of hygiene. After beneficial results in reprocessing of rigid endoscopes using Impelux™ UV-C light technology, we tested the same method for reprocessing of FEs without working channel. Materials and methods Testing was performed on FEs without working channel after routine clinical use (transnasal flexible endoscopy). Disinfection consisted of mechanical precleaning and 60 s exposure to Impelux™ UV-C light technology. Bacterial contamination was tested on 50 FEs before and after disinfection. Further 50 FEs regarding protein residuals. The absolute effectiveness of the D60 was tested on 50 test bodies (RAMS) with a standardized contamination of 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of Enterococcus faecium. Results The FEs were contaminated with a high average value of 916.7 CFU (± 1057 CFU) after clinical usage. After reprocessing, an average contamination of 2.8 CFU (± 1.6) on 14% (n = 7) of the FEs was detected consisting of non-pathogenic species, the remaining FE were sterile. After reprocessing, all FEs were protein-free (< 1 μg). The artificially contaminated test bodies showed no remaining bacterial contamination after disinfection, resulting in an average absolute germ reduction of about 107 CFU. Conclusion Impelux™ UV-C light technology efficiently reduces bacterial contamination of FEs and might be useful in daily practice.

scholarly journals Feasibility of ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation robot for terminal decontamination of COVID-19 patient rooms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Hee Kyoung Choi ◽  
Chunguang Cui ◽  
Hyeri Seok ◽  
Joon-Yong Bae ◽  
Ji Hoon Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Led Irradiation

Abstract Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using an ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV LED) robot for the terminal decontamination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient rooms. Methods: We assessed the presence of viral RNA in samples from environmental surfaces before and after UV LED irradiation in COVID-19 patient rooms after patient discharge. Results: This study analyzed 216 environmental samples from 17 rooms (two from airborne infection isolation rooms [AIIRs] in the intensive care unit [ICU] and 15 from isolation rooms in the community treatment center [CTC]). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was detected in 40 (18.5%) of 216 samples after patient discharge: 12 (33.3%) of 36 samples from AIIRs in the ICU, and 28 (15.6%) of 180 samples from isolation rooms in the CTC. In one AIIR, all samples were PCR-negative after UV LED irradiation. In the CTC rooms, 14 (8.6%) of the 163 samples were PCR-positive after UV LED irradiation. However, viable virus was not recovered from the culture of any of the PCR-positive samples. Conclusions: Although no viable virus was recovered, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on various environmental surfaces. The use of a UV LED disinfection robot was effective in a spacious areas such as an ICU, but its effects varied in small spaces like CTC rooms. This suggests that the UV LED robot may need enough space to disinfect rooms without re-contamination by machine wheels or insufficient disinfection by shadowing.

Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B12 vitamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hadinata Lie ◽  
Maria V Chandra-Hioe ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The stability of B12 vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.05). Hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin exhibited degradation losses ranging from 24%–26% and 48%–76%, respectively; added sorbitol significantly minimised the loss to 10% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). Methylcobalamin was the most susceptible to degradation when co-existing with ascorbic acid, followed by hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The presence of ascorbic acid caused the greatest degradation loss in methylcobalamin (70%-76%), which was minimised to 16% with added sorbitol (p < 0.05). Heat exposure (100 °C, 60 minutes) caused a greater loss of cyanocobalamin (38%) than UV exposure (4%). However, degradation losses in hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to UV and heat exposures were comparable (>30%). At pH 3, methylcobalamin was the most unstable showing 79% degradation loss, which was down to 12% after sorbitol was added (p < 0.05). The losses of cyanocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 (~15%) were prevented by adding sorbitol. Addition of sorbitol to hydroxocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 reduced the loss by only 6%. The results showed that cyanocobalamin was the most stable, followed by hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin. Added sorbitol was sufficient to significantly enhance the stability of cobalamins against degradative agents and conditions.

MODEL MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI RELIGIUS DAN MULTIKULTURAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-266
Author(s):  
Rohmat Rohmat
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotional Aspects

Securing religious and multicultural character values ​​is very important to be instilled as early as possible through education. This is due to education not only providing increased intellectual ability, but also is responsible for integrating character values ​​in students. At least there are some aspects that need to be developed in the education phase of school children including intellectual aspects, emotional aspects, social aspects, physical aspects, aspects of movement, aesthetic aspects, and moral aspects. Based on this opinion it can be seen that the cultivation of religious and multicultural character values ​​in madrasa ibtidaiyah level students needs to be done in order to realize a future generation of adults and character. On the other hand, the cultivation of multicultural values ​​is also an urgent matter to do.This study aims to find a character education management model based on the integration of religious and multicultural values ​​in MI Banyumas Regency. The research method with research and development methods. The results of the study of the character education management model based on the integration of religious and multicultural values ​​that were developed effectively for use in character education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. The results of the t test through the paired t test method showed that there were significant differences between the character values ​​before and after the implementation of character education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. These results reinforce that character education is effectively used in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document