The role of vocal tract and subglottal resonances in producing vocal instabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 1546-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wade ◽  
Noel Hanna ◽  
John Smith ◽  
Joe Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Subglottal Resonances

scholarly journals Learning Speech Production and Perception through Sensorimotor Interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihab Shamma ◽  
Prachi Patel ◽  
Shoutik Mukherjee ◽  
Guilhem Marion ◽  
Bahar Khalighinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Sensorimotor Interactions ◽  
Forward Projection ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract Action and Perception are closely linked in many behaviors necessitating a close coordination between sensory and motor neural processes so as to achieve a well-integrated smoothly evolving task performance. To investigate the detailed nature of these sensorimotor interactions, and their role in learning and executing the skilled motor task of speaking, we analyzed ECoG recordings of responses in the high-γ band (70 Hz-150 Hz) in human subjects while they listened to, spoke, or silently articulated speech. We found elaborate spectrotemporally-modulated neural activity projecting in both forward (motor-to-sensory) and inverse directions between the higher-auditory and motor cortical regions engaged during speaking. Furthermore, mathematical simulations demonstrate a key role for the forward projection in learning to control the vocal tract, beyond its commonly-postulated predictive role during execution. These results therefore offer a broader view of the functional role of the ubiquitous forward projection as an important ingredient in learning, rather than just control, of skilled sensorimotor tasks.

The role of vocal tract filtering in identity cueing in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) vocalizations

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 602-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Rendall ◽  
Michael J. Owren ◽  
Peter S. Rodman
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Vocal Tract

scholarly journals Whistling shares a common tongue with speech: bioacoustics from real-time MRI of the human vocal tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1911) ◽  
pp. 20191116
Author(s):  
Michel Belyk ◽  
Benjamin G. Schultz ◽  
Joao Correia ◽  
Deryk S. Beal ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Voice

Most human communication is carried by modulations of the voice. However, a wide range of cultures has developed alternative forms of communication that make use of a whistled sound source. For example, whistling is used as a highly salient signal for capturing attention, and can have iconic cultural meanings such as the catcall, enact a formal code as in boatswain's calls or stand as a proxy for speech in whistled languages. We used real-time magnetic resonance imaging to examine the muscular control of whistling to describe a strong association between the shape of the tongue and the whistled frequency. This bioacoustic profile parallels the use of the tongue in vowel production. This is consistent with the role of whistled languages as proxies for spoken languages, in which one of the acoustical features of speech sounds is substituted with a frequency-modulated whistle. Furthermore, previous evidence that non-human apes may be capable of learning to whistle from humans suggests that these animals may have similar sensorimotor abilities to those that are used to support speech in humans.

scholarly journals Let’s talk about pain and opioids: Low pitch and creak in medical consultations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joseph Torres ◽  
Stephen G. Henry ◽  
Vaidehi Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Context Specific

In recent years, the opioid crisis in the United States has sparked significant discussion on doctor–patient interactions concerning chronic pain treatments, but little to no attention has been given to investigating the vocal aspects of patient talk. This exploratory sociolinguistic study intends to fill this knowledge gap by employing prosodic discourse analysis to examine context-specific linguistic features used by the interlocutors of two distinct medical interactions. We found that patients employed both low pitch and creak as linguistic resources when describing chronic pain, narrating symptoms and requesting opioids. The situational use of both features informs us about the linguistic ways in which patients frame fraught issues like chronic pain in light of the current opioid crisis. This study expands the breadth of phonetic analysis within the domain of discourse analysis, serving to illuminate discussions surrounding the illocutionary role of the lower vocal tract in expressing emotions.

Role of glottal‐pulse rate, vocal‐tract length, and original talker upon judgements of speaker sex and age

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 3135-3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. R. Smith ◽  
Thomas C. Walters ◽  
Roy D. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Tract Length

The role of subglottal resonances in speech processing algorithms

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 2327-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Alwan ◽  
Steven Lulich ◽  
Harish Ariskere
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Processing Algorithms ◽  
Subglottal Resonances

Role of diaphragmatic activity during singing: a study of transdiaphragmatic pressures

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Leanderson ◽  
J. Sundberg ◽  
C. von Euler
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Inverse Filtering ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Professional Singers ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
In The Beginning

Esophageal and gastric pressures during singing are measured in four male professional singers performing singing tasks requiring rapid changes of subglottal pressure. Evidence for a consistent use of the diaphragm is found in all subjects. Some subjects punctually activate the diaphragm when there is a need for a rapid decrease of subglottal pressure, such as when singing a falling octave interval, when shifting from a loud to a soft note, to save air during a /p/ explosion, and in performing a trillo involving a repeated switching between glottal adduction and abduction. The first three cases were observed in the beginning of the phrase, presumably over the period that the pressure generated by the passive expiratory recoil forces of the breathing system was higher than the intended subglottal pressure. In addition to this, one subject exhibited a diaphragmatic tonus throughout the entire phrase. The phonatory relevance of a diaphragmatic activity was evaluated in a subsequent experiment. The transdiaphragmatic pressure was displayed on an oscilloscope screen as a visual feedback signal for singers and nonsingers, who performed various phonatory tasks with and without voluntary coactivation of the diaphragm. In most subjects this activity tended to increase the glottal closed/open ratio as well as the amplitude of the glottogram (i.e., the transglottal volume velocity wave-form as determined by inverse filtering). These changes suggest that diaphragmatic coactivation tends to affect phonation. Also, it tended to reduce the formant frequency variability under conditions of changing fundamental frequency suggesting a better stabilization of the vocal tract.

The role of self-organisation in the emergence of phonological systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Demolin ◽  
Alain Soquet
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Sound Patterns

The origin of phonological systems is examined from the paradigm of self-organization. We claim that phonological systems could have emerged as the product of self-organizing processes. Self-organization may have facilitated the evolution of structures within the sounds that humans were able to produce. One of the main points of the paper concerns the identification of the processes which could account for the self-organized behavior of sound systems used in languages spoken by humans. In this paradigm, phonological systems or sound patterns of human languages are emergent properties of these systems rather than properties imposed by some external influence. Regulations are defined as the constraints that adjust the rate of production of the elements of a system to the state of the system and of relevant environmental variables. The main operators of these adjustments are feedback loops. Two types of processes can be distinguished in regulatory networks, homeostatic and epigenetic. Since the origin of sound patterns, of human languages, is in the vocal tract constraints, we make the hypothesis that sound change does not reflect any adaptive character but rather is the phonetic modality of differentiation understood as epigenetic regulation.

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