Degree of articulatory constraint predicts locus equation slope for /p,t,s,∫/

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 1778-1778
Author(s):  
Sara Perillo ◽  
Hye-Young Bang ◽  
Meghan Clayards
Keyword(s):  
Locus Equation

The effects of measurement error and vowel selection on the locus equation measure of coarticulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 2747-2750
Author(s):  
Allen Montgomery ◽  
Paul E. Reed ◽  
Kimberlee A. Crass ◽  
H. Isabel Hubbard ◽  
Joanna Stith
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Locus Equation

Locus equation and hidden parameters of speech

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Li Deng
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Locus Equation ◽  
Speech Recognition Technology ◽  
Hidden Parameters ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Speech Model

Locus equations contain an economical set of hidden (i.e., not directly observable in the data) parameters of speech that provide an elegant way of characterizing the ubiquitous context-dependent behaviors exhibited in speech acoustics. These hidden parameters can be effectively exploited to constrain the huge set of context-dependent speech model parameters currently in use in modern, mainstream speech recognition technology.

Does locus-equation linearity really matter in consonant perception?

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-261
Author(s):  
Lawrence Brancazio
Keyword(s):  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Locus Equation ◽  
Output Constraint

This commentary focuses on the claim that perceptual demands have caused the linearity exhibited by locus equations. I discuss results of an experiment demonstrating that, contrary to Sussman et al.'s claims, locus equations do not have relevance for the perception of stop consonants. I therefore argue against the plausibility of the orderly output constraint.

An articulatory perspective on the locus equation

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Lindblom
Keyword(s):  
Locus Equation ◽  
Articulatory Model

Using an articulatory model we show that locus equations make special use of the phonetic space of possible locus patterns. There is nothing articulatorily inevitable about their linearity or slope- intercept characteristics. Nonetheless, articulatory factors do play an important role in the origin of simulated locus equations, but they cannot, by themselves, provide complete explanations for the observed facts. As in other domains, there is interaction between perceptual and motor factors.

An Acoustic Analysis of the Development of CV Coarticulation

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey M. Sussman ◽  
Celeste Duder ◽  
Eileen Dalston ◽  
Antonina Cacciatore
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Linear Regression Line ◽  
Locus Equation ◽  
Numerical Index

This study analyzed stop consonant-vowel productions from babbling to meaningful speech in a single female child spanning the period from age 7 months to age 40 months. A total of 7,888 utterances (3,103 [bV], 3,236 [dV], and 1,549 [gV]) were analyzed to obtain frequencies at F2 onset and F2 at vocalic center for each utterance. A linear regression line (“locus equation”) was fit to the cluster of F2 coordinates per stop place category produced during each month. The slope of the regression lines provided a numerical index of vowel-induced coarticulation on consonant productions. Labial, alveolar, and velar CV productions followed distinct articulatory paths toward adult-like norms of coarticulation. Inferences about the gradual emergence of segmental independence of the consonant and vowel in the three stop place environments were made from locus equation scatterplots and mean F2 onset and F2 midvowel frequencies obtained across babbling, early words, and natural speech.

scholarly journals Syllable is a synchronization mechanism that makes human speech possible

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Synchronization Mechanism ◽  
Locus Equation ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Syllable Onset

Speech is a highly skilled motor activity that shares a core problem with other motor skills: how to reduce the massive degrees of freedom (DOF) to the extent that the central nervous control and learning of complex motor movements become possible. It is hypothesized in this paper that a key solution to the DOF problem is to eliminate most of the temporal degrees of freedom by synchronizing concurrent movements, and that this is done in speech through the syllable—a mechanism that synchronizes consonantal, vocalic and laryngeal gestures. Under this hypothesis, gestures are articulatory movements toward underlying targets; the onsets and offsets of the gestures are synchronized at the syllable edges, although more so at syllable onset than at the offset; and the realization of the synchronization is facilitated by sensorimotor feedback, especially tactile feedback, during consonant closures. This synchronization theory of the syllable also offers a comprehensive account of coarticulation, as it explicates how various coarticulation-related phenomena, including coarticulation resistance, locus, locus equation, diphone etc., are byproducts of syllable formation. It also provides a theoretical basis for understanding how suprasegmental events such as tone, intonation, phonation, etc. are aligned to segmental events in speech. It may also have implications for understanding vocal learning, speech disorders and motor control in general.

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