The function of the basilar membrane and medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex mimicked in a hearing aid algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 2385-2385
Author(s):  
Tim JÃrgens ◽  
Nicholas R. Clark ◽  
Wendy Lecluyse ◽  
Meddis Ray
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear

scholarly journals Spontaneous otoacoustic emission recordings during contralateral pure-tone activation of medial olivocochlear reflex

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
E Bulut ◽  
L Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Unilateral Deafness ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Bilateral Deafness

We hypothesized that cochlear frequency discrimination occurs through medial olivocochlear efferent (MOCE)-induced alterations in outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility, which is independent from basilar membrane traveling waves. After obtaining informed consent, volunteers with normal hearing (n = 10; mean age: 20.6 ± 1.2 years) and patients with unilateral deafness (n = 10; mean age: 30.2 ± 17.9 years) or bilateral deafness (n = 8; mean age: 30.7 ± 13.8 years) underwent a complete physical and audiological examination, and audiological tests including transient evoked otoacoustic emission and spontaneous otoacoustic emission (TEOAE and SOAE, respectively). SOAE recordings were performed during contralateral pure-tone stimuli at 1 and 3 kHz. SOAE recordings in the presence of contralateral pure-tone stimuli showed frequency-specific activation out of the initial frequency range of SOAE responses. Basilar membrane motion during pure-tone stimulation results from OHC activation by means of MOCE neurons rather than from a traveling wave. Eventually, frequency-specific responses obtained from SOAEs suggested that OHC electromotility may be responsible for frequency discrimination of the cochlea independently from basilar membrane motion.

Cochlear interdependence and micromechanics in Man and their relations with the activity of the medial olivocochlear efferent system (MOES)

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossi ◽  
R. Actis ◽  
P. Solero ◽  
M. Rolando ◽  
M. D. Pejrone
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Passive Mechanism ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System

AbstractFollowing stimulation of one ear with white noise (WN) or 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz tone bursts a statistically valid mean reduction in the amplitude of delayed evoked otoacoustic emissions (DEOE), elicited from the contralateral ear by bursts of the same frequencies, was observed in 10 people (19–23-years-old) with normal hearing. This reduction only appeared in response to a contralateral stimulus delivered 7, 8 and 9 ms earlier than that used to produce the DEOE. This inhibitory effect was just referable to the activity of the medial olivocochlear efferent system (MOES). This research has shown that: (i) the cochlear interdependence is linked to activation of the MOES; (ii) in man the activity of MOES is inhibitory and only appears for a stimulus of the same frequency or (for WN) including that used to elicit DEOE; (iii) the cochlear interdependence is frequency selective and the MOES thus establishes a direct functional interdependence between homologous sectors of the organs of Corti on the two sides; (iv) DEOE would appear to be no more than partly generated by outer hair cells (OHC) of the organ of Corti in relation to the frequency of the stimulus employed, thus substantiating the hypothesis that in their production the effects of an 'active' mechanism, represented by the 'slow' contractile activity of the OHC, is overlain by those of a 'passive' mechanism formed by the oscillations induced by the movements of the stapes in the basilar membrane (BM) or in the set of membranes and liquids of cochlear canal.

A technique for protecting delicate specimens during processing

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 982-983
Author(s):  
R.J. Mount ◽  
R.V. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Specimen Handling ◽  
Two Component

The sensory end organ of the ear, the organ of Corti, rests on a thin basilar membrane which lies between the bone of the central modiolus and the bony wall of the cochlea. In vivo, the organ of Corti is protected by the bony wall which totally surrounds it. In order to examine the sensory epithelium by scanning electron microscopy it is necessary to dissect away the protective bone and expose the region of interest (Fig. 1). This leaves the fragile organ of Corti susceptible to physical damage during subsequent handling. In our laboratory cochlear specimens, after dissection, are routinely prepared by the O-T- O-T-O technique, critical point dried and then lightly sputter coated with gold. This processing involves considerable specimen handling including several hours on a rotator during which the organ of Corti is at risk of being physically damaged. The following procedure uses low cost, readily available materials to hold the specimen during processing ,preventing physical damage while allowing an unhindered exchange of fluids.Following fixation, the cochlea is dehydrated to 70% ethanol then dissected under ethanol to prevent air drying. The holder is prepared by punching a hole in the flexible snap cap of a Wheaton vial with a paper hole punch. A small amount of two component epoxy putty is well mixed then pushed through the hole in the cap. The putty on the inner cap is formed into a “cup” to hold the specimen (Fig. 2), the putty on the outside is smoothed into a “button” to give good attachment even when the cap is flexed during handling (Fig. 3). The cap is submerged in the 70% ethanol, the bone at the base of the cochlea is seated into the cup and the sides of the cup squeezed with forceps to grip it (Fig.4). Several types of epoxy putty have been tried, most are either soluble in ethanol to some degree or do not set in ethanol. The only putty we find successful is “DUROtm MASTERMENDtm Epoxy Extra Strength Ribbon” (Loctite Corp., Cleveland, Ohio), this is a blue and yellow ribbon which is kneaded to form a green putty, it is available at many hardware stores.

Teachers' Stereotypes of Children Who Wear Hearing Aids

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus G. Fisher ◽  
Kenneth Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Child ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Elementary School Child ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Service Training

Classroom teachers were asked to list the traits they felt were characteristic of the elementary school child who wears a hearing aid. These listings were evaluated according to the desirability of the traits and were studied regarding frequency of occurrence, desirability, and educational, emotional, and social implications. The results of the groupings are discussed in terms of pre-service and in-service training.

Hearing Aid Gain Usage by Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Appreciable Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Hearing aid gain usage by two groups of children was examined. No appreciable difference was noted between the groups, nor was there a clinically significant difference between gain usage by these children as compared with a sample of adult hearing aid wearers.

The Hearing Aid Effect in African American and Caucasian Males as Perceived by Female Judges of the Same Race

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Davis ◽  
Rhonda Jackson ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
William Cooper
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Education Majors ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Males And Females

Prior studies have proven the existence of the "hearing aid effect" when photographs of Caucasian males and females wearing a body aid, a post-auricular aid (behind-the-ear), or no hearing aid were judged by lay persons and professionals. This study was performed to determine if African American and Caucasian males, judged by female members of their own race, were likely to be judged in a similar manner on the basis of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. Sixty female undergraduate education majors (30 African American; 30 Caucasian) used a semantic differential scale to rate slides of preteen African American and Caucasian males, with and without hearing aids. The results of this study showed that female African American and Caucasian judges rated males of their respective races differently. The hearing aid effect was predominant among the Caucasian judges across the dimensions of appearance, personality, assertiveness, and achievement. In contrast, the African American judges only exhibited a hearing aid effect on the appearance dimension.

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