scholarly journals Medial olivocochlear efferent inhibition of basilar-membrane responses to clicks: Evidence for two modes of cochlear mechanical excitation

2008 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 1080-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Guinan ◽  
Nigel P. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Excitation ◽  
Efferent Inhibition ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear

scholarly journals Spontaneous otoacoustic emission recordings during contralateral pure-tone activation of medial olivocochlear reflex

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
E Bulut ◽  
L Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Unilateral Deafness ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Bilateral Deafness

We hypothesized that cochlear frequency discrimination occurs through medial olivocochlear efferent (MOCE)-induced alterations in outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility, which is independent from basilar membrane traveling waves. After obtaining informed consent, volunteers with normal hearing (n = 10; mean age: 20.6 ± 1.2 years) and patients with unilateral deafness (n = 10; mean age: 30.2 ± 17.9 years) or bilateral deafness (n = 8; mean age: 30.7 ± 13.8 years) underwent a complete physical and audiological examination, and audiological tests including transient evoked otoacoustic emission and spontaneous otoacoustic emission (TEOAE and SOAE, respectively). SOAE recordings were performed during contralateral pure-tone stimuli at 1 and 3 kHz. SOAE recordings in the presence of contralateral pure-tone stimuli showed frequency-specific activation out of the initial frequency range of SOAE responses. Basilar membrane motion during pure-tone stimulation results from OHC activation by means of MOCE neurons rather than from a traveling wave. Eventually, frequency-specific responses obtained from SOAEs suggested that OHC electromotility may be responsible for frequency discrimination of the cochlea independently from basilar membrane motion.

The function of the basilar membrane and medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex mimicked in a hearing aid algorithm

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 2385-2385
Author(s):  
Tim JÃrgens ◽  
Nicholas R. Clark ◽  
Wendy Lecluyse ◽  
Meddis Ray
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear

scholarly journals The role of efferents in human auditory development: efferent inhibition predicts frequency discrimination in noise for children

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanta K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Efferent Inhibition ◽  
Hearing In Noise ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear Efferents ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Listening In Noise

Despite several decades of research, the functional role of medial olivocochlear efferents in humans remains controversial and is thought to be insignificant. Here it is shown that medial efferent inhibition strongly predicts frequency discrimination in noise for younger children but not for older children and adults. Young children are relatively more dependent on the efferent system for listening-in-noise. This study highlights the role of the efferent system in hearing-in-noise during childhood development.

The Influence of Efferent Inhibition on Speech Perception in Noise: A Revisit Through Its Level-Dependent Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2S) ◽  
pp. 508-515
Author(s):  
L. Yashaswini ◽  
Sandeep Maruthy
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Contralateral Noise ◽  
Olivocochlear Bundle ◽  
Efferent Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Function ◽  
Contralateral Suppression ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear Bundle

Purpose The study aimed to assess the relationship between the level-dependent function of efferent inhibition and speech perception in noise across different intensities of suppressor and across different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of speech. Method Twenty-six young normal-hearing adults participated in the study. Contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) was measured for 3 levels of suppressor (40, 50, and 60 dB SPL). Speech identification score (SIS) was measured at 5 ipsilateral SNR conditions (quiet, 0, −5, −10, and −15 dB), with and without contralateral broadband noise at 3 levels (40, 50, and 60 dB SPL). Furthermore, SNR-50 was measured with and without the same 3 levels of contralateral broadband noise. Results The results showed that the suppression magnitude of TEOAE increased with an increase in suppressor level. However, neither SIS nor SNR-50 was influenced by the contralateral noise. In addition, SIS and SNR-50 did not show significant correlation with contralateral suppression of TEOAEs. This was true at all the SNRs and contralateral noise levels used in the study. Conclusions The findings suggest that the intensity of noise directly influences medial olivocochlear bundle–mediated efferent inhibition. However, the role of the medial olivocochlear bundle in regulating speech perception in noise needs to be revisited. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9336353

Cochlear interdependence and micromechanics in Man and their relations with the activity of the medial olivocochlear efferent system (MOES)

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 883-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossi ◽  
R. Actis ◽  
P. Solero ◽  
M. Rolando ◽  
M. D. Pejrone
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Passive Mechanism ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear ◽  
Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System

AbstractFollowing stimulation of one ear with white noise (WN) or 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz tone bursts a statistically valid mean reduction in the amplitude of delayed evoked otoacoustic emissions (DEOE), elicited from the contralateral ear by bursts of the same frequencies, was observed in 10 people (19–23-years-old) with normal hearing. This reduction only appeared in response to a contralateral stimulus delivered 7, 8 and 9 ms earlier than that used to produce the DEOE. This inhibitory effect was just referable to the activity of the medial olivocochlear efferent system (MOES). This research has shown that: (i) the cochlear interdependence is linked to activation of the MOES; (ii) in man the activity of MOES is inhibitory and only appears for a stimulus of the same frequency or (for WN) including that used to elicit DEOE; (iii) the cochlear interdependence is frequency selective and the MOES thus establishes a direct functional interdependence between homologous sectors of the organs of Corti on the two sides; (iv) DEOE would appear to be no more than partly generated by outer hair cells (OHC) of the organ of Corti in relation to the frequency of the stimulus employed, thus substantiating the hypothesis that in their production the effects of an 'active' mechanism, represented by the 'slow' contractile activity of the OHC, is overlain by those of a 'passive' mechanism formed by the oscillations induced by the movements of the stapes in the basilar membrane (BM) or in the set of membranes and liquids of cochlear canal.

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