On the rate of decay of forward masking and its relation to cochlear compression

2006 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 3234-3234
Author(s):  
Enrique A. Lopez‐Poveda ◽  
Ana Alves‐Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Forward Masking ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Cochlear Compression

scholarly journals Rate and synchrony at the level of the auditory nerve are not sufficient to account for behaviorally estimated cochlear compression - a modeling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Encina-Llamas ◽  
Jens Thuren Lindahl ◽  
Bastian Epp
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Information Bottleneck ◽  
Cochlear Processing ◽  
Probe Frequency ◽  
Cochlear Compression

AbstractMethods based on psychoacoustical forward masking have been proposed to estimate the local compressive growth of the basilar membrane (BM). This results from normal outer hair cells function, which leads to level-dependent amplification of BM vibration. Psychoacoustical methods assume that cochlear processing can be isolated from the response of the overall system, that sensitivity is dominated by the tonotopic location of the probe and that the effect of forward masking is different for on- and off-characteristic frequency (CF) maskers. In the present study, a computational model of the auditory nerve (AN) in combination with signal detection theory was used to test these assumptions. The underlying idea was that, for the BM compression to be estimated using psychoacoustics, enough information should be preserved at the level of the AN, because this forms an information bottleneck in the ascending auditory pathway. The simulated AN responses were quantified in terms of rate and synchrony for different types of AN fibers and CFs. The results show that, when using a low-intensity probe, local activity at the tonotopic location of the probe frequency is the dominant contributor to sensitivity in the healthy auditory system. However, on- and off-CF maskers produced similar forward masking onto the probe, which was mainly encoded by high- and to little extent by medium-spontaneous rate fibers. The simulation results suggested that the estimate of compression based on the behavioral experiments cannot be derived from sensitivity at the level of the AN but may require additional contributions, supporting previous physiological studies.

Evaluation of cochlear compression in a bottlenose dolphin: A forward-masking evoked-potential study

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 2937-2937
Author(s):  
Vladimir Popov ◽  
Alexander Supin ◽  
Dmitry Nechaev ◽  
Evgeniya Sysueva
Keyword(s):  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
Cochlear Compression

The rate of cochlear compression in a dolphin: a forward-masking evoked-potential study

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-766
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Popov ◽  
Dmitry I. Nechaev ◽  
Evgenia V. Sysueva ◽  
Alexander Ya. Supin
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
Cochlear Compression

scholarly journals Forward-Masking Recovery and the Assumptions of the Temporal Masking Curve Method of Inferring Cochlear Compression

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 233121651456425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pérez-González ◽  
Peter T. Johannesen ◽  
Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Forward Masking ◽  
Temporal Masking ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
Cochlear Compression

UV Stimulation of Chromosomal Marker Exchange in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius: Implications for DNA Repair, Conjugation and Homologous Recombination at Extremely High Temperatures

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 1407-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J Schmidt ◽  
Kristen E Beck ◽  
Dennis W Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Sulfolobus Acidocaldarius ◽  
Chromosomal Marker ◽  
Marker Exchange ◽  
Chromosomal Markers ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Uv Photoproducts

Abstract The hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius exchanges and recombines chromosomal markers by a conjugational mechanism, and the overall yield of recombinants is greatly increased by previous exposure to UV light. This stimulation was studied in an effort to clarify its mechanism and that of marker exchange itself. A variety of experiments failed to identify a significant effect of UV irradiation on the frequency of cell pairing, indicating that subsequent steps are primarily affected, i.e., transfer of DNA between cells or homologous recombination. The UV-induced stimulation decayed rather quickly in parental cells during preincubation at 75°, and the rate of decay depended on the incubation temperature. Preincubation at 75° decreased the yield of recombinants neither from unirradiated parental cells nor from parental suspensions subsequently irradiated. We interpret these results as evidence that marker exchange is stimulated by recombinogenic DNA lesions formed as intermediates in the process of repairing UV photoproducts in the S. acidocaldarius chromosome.

scholarly journals ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE PRINCIPAL EIGENVALUE FOR A CLASS OF NON-LOCAL ELLIPTIC OPERATORS RELATED TO BROWNIAN MOTION WITH SPATIALLY DEPENDENT RANDOM JUMPS

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 1077-1093
Author(s):  
NITAY ARCUSIN ◽  
ROSS G. PINSKY
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Large Time ◽  
Dirichlet Boundary ◽  
Principal Eigenvalue ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Random Jumps ◽  
Explicit Constant

Let D ⊂ Rd be a bounded domain and let [Formula: see text] denote the space of probability measures on D. Consider a Brownian motion in D which is killed at the boundary and which, while alive, jumps instantaneously according to a spatially dependent exponential clock with intensity γV to a new point, according to a distribution [Formula: see text]. From its new position after the jump, the process repeats the above behavior independently of what has transpired previously. The generator of this process is an extension of the operator -Lγ,μ, defined by [Formula: see text] with the Dirichlet boundary condition, where Cμ is the "μ-centering" operator defined by [Formula: see text] The principal eigenvalue, λ0(γ, μ), of Lγ, μ governs the exponential rate of decay of the probability of not exiting D for large time. We study the asymptotic behavior of λ0(γ, μ) as γ → ∞. In particular, if μ possesses a density in a neighborhood of the boundary, which we call μ, then [Formula: see text] If μ and all its derivatives up to order k - 1 vanish on the boundary, but the kth derivative does not vanish identically on the boundary, then λ0(γ, μ) behaves asymptotically like [Formula: see text], for an explicit constant ck.

Masker interaction in pure‐tone forward masking

1980 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Widin ◽  
Neal F. Viemeister
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Forward Masking
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