The impact of labeling versus detection training on performance in an asynchrony‐detection task

2001 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2289-2289
Author(s):  
Julia A. Mossbridge ◽  
Beverly A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Detection Task ◽  
Asynchrony Detection ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Sex-related Differences in Spatial Ability and Signal Detection Task Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1239-1243
Author(s):  
Rhyse Bendell ◽  
Florian Jentsch
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Continuous Signal ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Signal

Sex-related differences in spatial ability have regularly shown a slight performance advantage among males on standard tests; however, the impact of these differences in real-world tasks that may depend on spatial ability has rarely been investigated. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the relationship between sex-related differences in spatial ability as quantified by two measures (Thurstone’s Mental Rotation test and the Spatial Reasoning Instrument), and performance in a conventional signal detection task. Mixed results showed some support for slightly improved male spatial ability. We then conducted a follow-up experiment to investigate sex-related differences in spatial ability and with respect to performance in a continuous signal detection task. Slight male advantages in performance of the spatial ability measures emerged, and also in the continuous signal detection task, but not for the conventional signal detection task.

scholarly journals Human Error: The Impact of Job Insecurity on Attention-Related Cognitive Errors and Error Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Lara Christina Roll ◽  
Oi-ling Siu ◽  
Simon Y.W. Li ◽  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Work-related stress is a major contributor to human error. One significant workplace stressor is job insecurity, which has been linked to an increased likelihood of experiencing burnout. This, in turn, might affect human error, specifically attention-related cognitive errors (ARCES) and the ability to detect errors. ARCES can be costly for organizations and pose a safety risk. Equally detrimental effects can be caused by failure to detect errors before they can cause harm. (2) Methods: We gathered self-report and behavioral data from 148 employees working in educational, financial and medical sectors in China. We designed and piloted an error detection task in which employees had to compare fictitious customer orders to deliveries of an online shop. We tested for indirect effects using the PROCESS macro with bootstrapping (3) Results: Our findings confirmed indirect effects of job insecurity on both ARCES and the ability to detect errors via burnout. (4) Conclusions: The present research shows that job insecurity influences making and detecting errors through its relationship with burnout. These findings suggest that job insecurity could increase the likelihood for human error with potential implications for employees’ safety and the safety of others.

scholarly journals Out of Focus: Facial Feedback Manipulation Modulates Automatic Processing of Unattended Emotional Faces

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kuehne ◽  
Isabelle Siwy ◽  
Tino Zaehle ◽  
Hans-Jochen Heinze ◽  
Janek S. Lobmaier
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Facial Feedback ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
The Impact

Facial expressions provide information about an individual's intentions and emotions and are thus an important medium for nonverbal communication. Theories of embodied cognition assume that facial mimicry and resulting facial feedback plays an important role in the perception of facial emotional expressions. Although behavioral and electrophysiological studies have confirmed the influence of facial feedback on the perception of facial emotional expressions, the influence of facial feedback on the automatic processing of such stimuli is largely unexplored. The automatic processing of unattended facial expressions can be investigated by visual expression-related MMN. The expression-related MMN reflects a differential ERP of automatic detection of emotional changes elicited by rarely presented facial expressions (deviants) among frequently presented facial expressions (standards). In this study, we investigated the impact of facial feedback on the automatic processing of facial expressions. For this purpose, participants ( n = 19) performed a centrally presented visual detection task while neutral (standard), happy, and sad faces (deviants) were presented peripherally. During the task, facial feedback was manipulated by different pen holding conditions (holding the pen with teeth, lips, or nondominant hand). Our results indicate that automatic processing of facial expressions is influenced and thus dependent on the own facial feedback.

How Handheld Mobile Device Size and Hand Location May Affect Divided Attention

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1370-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Castro
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Screen Size ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Previous research demonstrates that people increasingly utilize multiple displays along with mobile devices simultaneously, and that this split in attention has detrimental effects on goal-directed behavior. However, few studies have assessed the impact of the physical attributes of mobile devices–including dimensions, weight and screen size–on attention. Understanding how device dimensions and screen size affect attention is an important first step in creating safety guidelines for high risk industries that utilize displays, such as automotive and aeronautics engineering. The aim of this work is to determine to what extent the display dimensions and screen size of mobile devices influence attention. To explore this question, participants interacted with mobile devices of varying sizes while performing a change detection task on a stationary device located behind and above the mobile device. Results of this study suggest that those using a smaller mobile device achieved higher performance on the background change detection task than those using a larger device, while having similar performance in the mobile device task. This work demonstrates that when attention is divided, larger displays may be more attentionally demanding. We recommend that when users or designers are required to consider multitasking between a foreground and background task, in order to optimize background performance they should utilize smaller foreground displays.

scholarly journals Assessing susceptibility to distraction along the vocal processing hierarchy

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1657-1666
Author(s):  
Constanze Mühl ◽  
Patricia EG Bestelmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Voice Perception ◽  
Voice Signal ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

Recent models of voice perception propose a hierarchy of steps leading from a more general, “low-level” acoustic analysis of the voice signal to a voice-specific, “higher-level” analysis. We aimed to engage two of these stages: first, a more general detection task in which voices had to be identified amid environmental sounds, and, second, a more voice-specific task requiring a same/different decision about unfamiliar speaker pairs (Bangor Voice Matching Test [BVMT]). We explored how vulnerable voice recognition is to interfering distractor voices, and whether performance on the aforementioned tasks could predict resistance against such interference. In addition, we manipulated the similarity of distractor voices to explore the impact of distractor similarity on recognition accuracy. We found moderate correlations between voice detection ability and resistance to distraction ( r = .44), and BVMT and resistance to distraction ( r = .57). A hierarchical regression revealed both tasks as significant predictors of the ability to tolerate distractors ( R2 = .36). The first stage of the regression (BVMT as sole predictor) already explained 32% of the variance. Descriptively, the “higher-level” BVMT was a better predictor (β = .47) than the more general detection task (β = .25), although further analysis revealed no significant difference between both beta weights. Furthermore, distractor similarity did not affect performance on the distractor task. Overall, our findings suggest the possibility to target specific stages of the voice perception process. This could help explore different stages of voice perception and their contributions to specific auditory abilities, possibly also in forensic and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 exposure on punishment responsiveness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Chevallier ◽  
Amine Sijilmassi ◽  
Lou Safra
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Negativity Bias ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Signal Detection Task ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

We investigate whether COVID-19 exposure changes participants’ threat-detection threshold. Sensitivity to threat was measured in a signal detection task among 397 British adults who also reported how much vulnerable they felt to infectious disease. Participants’ data were then matched to the number of confirmed COVID-19 collected from the NHS database. We found that participants who perceive themselves as more likely to catch infectious diseases displayed a higher negativity bias in response to increased COVID-19 cases. In addition, we found a significant effect of education on participants’ punishment responsiveness in response to COVID-19 exposure. A second wave of data collection is planned exactly two weeks after the first one. The goal of this second wave is to replicate the findings and document the impact of increasing COVID-19 cases and deaths on people’s psychology.

Specificity of learning in an auditory asynchrony‐detection task

2001 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2289-2289
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Wright ◽  
Matthew B. Fitzgerald ◽  
Julia A. Mossbridge
Keyword(s):  
Detection Task ◽  
Asynchrony Detection ◽  
Specificity Of Learning

scholarly journals Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare

2017 ◽  
Vol 2617 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaram Bhagavathula ◽  
Ronald B. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Detection Task ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Virginia Smart Road ◽  
The U.S

Nighttime crashes at work zones are major concerns for construction workers and motorists. Although in a majority of the U.S. states, department of transportation specifications for work zone lighting mention that contractors should reduce glare for workers and drivers, only two states advocate detailed specifications like light positions, orientation, and light levels. Although some studies have examined the impact of glare from work zone lights on workers and others have calculated veiling luminance levels for drivers in the work zone, the effect of work zone lighting on drivers’ visual performance and glare perception has never been studied in a realistic setting. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of commercially available portable light towers (metal halide, LED, and balloon) and their orientation on drivers’ visual performance and their perceptions of glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone simulated on the Virginia Smart Road. Visual performance was assessed by a detection task and perception of visibility and glare were assessed by questionnaires. Results indicated that the type of light tower and its orientation affect visual performance and perceptions of visibility and glare. Light towers aimed toward the driver resulted in lowering drivers’ visual performance, both objectively and subjectively. When the light towers were aimed away from or perpendicular to the driver, the visual performance was higher and the differences in visual performance between the types of light towers were minimal. These findings indicate that these orientations should be preferred for work zone light towers.

scholarly journals Towards Blockchain-Based Federated Machine Learning: Smart Contract for Model Inference

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Drungilas ◽  
Evaldas Vaičiukynas ◽  
Mantas Jurgelaitis ◽  
Rita Butkienė ◽  
Lina Čeponienė
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Model Inference ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
The Impact

Federated learning is a branch of machine learning where a shared model is created in a decentralized and privacy-preserving fashion, but existing approaches using blockchain are limited by tailored models. We consider the possibility to extend a set of supported models by introducing the oracle service and exploring the usability of blockchain-based architecture. The investigated architecture combines an oracle service with a Hyperledger Fabric chaincode. We compared two logistic regression implementations in Go language—a pure chaincode and an oracle service—at various data (2–32 k instances) and network (3–13 peers) sizes. Experiments were run to assess the performance of blockchain-based model inference using 2D synthetic and EEG eye state datasets for a supervised machine learning detection task. The benchmarking results showed that the impact on performance is acceptable with the median overhead of oracle service reaching 2–4%, depending on the dimensionality of the dataset. The overhead tends to diminish at large dataset sizes with the runtime depending on the network size linearly, where additional peers increased the runtime by 6.3 and 6.6 s for 2D and EEG datasets, respectively. Demonstrated negligible difference between implementations justifies the flexible choice of model in the blockchain-based federated learning and other machine learning applications.

scholarly journals The superiority of up/down over left/right in metaphorical association with emotion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiya Yonemitsu ◽  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Yuki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Side

Positive valence links to the upside and dominant side, while negative valence is associated with the downside and non-dominant side (i.e., space-valence metaphor). Previous studies indicate that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is more salient than that of the horizontal-valence metaphor. Furthermore, this difference in the saliency is possibly connected with whether the experimental task is related to reaction time (RT) or not. The present study empirically examined these hypotheses; we conducted both the RT and non-RT tasks (i.e., detection task and pointing task, respectively) and compared these results. We found that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor occurred in both the RT and non-RT tasks, while the typical impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor was not found in both the tasks. Our findings suggest that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is salient while the impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor is not robust. Moreover, this difference in the saliency was independent of the kinds of experimental tasks.

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