scholarly journals Short‐term temporal integration at high‐frequencies: Evidence for the influence of peripheral nonlinearity?

1995 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3276-3276
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Oxenham ◽  
Brian C. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Peripheral Nonlinearity

Short-term temporal integration: Evidence for the influence of peripheral compression

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 3676-3687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Oxenham ◽  
Brian C. J. Moore ◽  
Deborah A. Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peripheral Compression

Integration of Information in Visual Search

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Prinz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Efficient Memory

Two experiments studied how information about the nontarget items in a visual search task is used for the control of the search. The first experiment used the detection of “hurdle” stimuli to demonstrate that efficient memory representations of the context items can be established within each particular trial. This finding is explained by a model for the short-term integration of context information. The second experiment which varied the complexity of the local but not the global context provided some information about the nature of the integration operations involved. In its final version the model postulates two stages of processing with independent mechanisms of integration. Spatial integration at the first stage deletes repetitions within small samples. Temporal integration at the second stage stores and primes the memory representations of the context items over larger intervals. It is assumed that transient temporal integration within trials is mediated by the same mechanism that underlies permanent temporal integration between trials.

scholarly journals Let there be more variability in two γ Cas stars

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (1) ◽  
pp. 958-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaël Nazé ◽  
Andrzej Pigulski ◽  
Gregor Rauw ◽  
Myron A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Photometric Variability ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT We investigate the short-term optical variability of two γ Cas analogues,  πAqr and BZ Cru, thanks to intensive ground-based spectroscopic and space-borne photometric monitorings. For both stars, low-amplitude (mmag) coherent photometric variability is detected. The associated signals display long-term amplitude variations, as in other Be stars. However, these signals appear at high frequencies, especially in  πAqr, indicating p modes with a high degree l, a quite unusual feature amongst Be stars. While BZ Cru presents only low-level spectral variability, without clear periodicity, this is not the case of πAqr. In this star, the dominant photometric frequencies, near ∼12 d−1, are confirmed spectroscopically in separate monitorings taken during very different disc activity levels; the spectroscopic analysis suggests a probable tesseral nature for the mode.

scholarly journals Feature Fusion Reveals Slow and Fast Visual Memories

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Scharnowski ◽  
Frouke Hermens ◽  
Thomas Kammer ◽  
Haluk Öğmen ◽  
Michael H. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Time

Although the visual system can achieve a coarse classification of its inputs in a relatively short time, the synthesis of qualia-rich and detailed percepts can take substantially more time. If these prolonged computations were to take place in a retinotopic space, moving objects would generate extensive smear. However, under normal viewing conditions, moving objects appear relatively sharp and clear, suggesting that a substantial part of visual short-term memory takes place at a nonretinotopic locus. By using a retinotopic feature fusion and a nonretinotopic feature attribution paradigm, we provide evidence for a relatively fast retinotopic buffer and a substantially slower nonretinotopic memory. We present a simple model that can account for the dynamics of these complementary memory processes. Taken together, our results indicate that the visual system can accomplish temporal integration of information while avoiding smear by breaking off sensory memory into fast and slow components that are implemented in retinotopic and nonretinotopic loci, respectively.

scholarly journals Short-Term Changes in Light Distortion in Orthokeratology Subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Santolaria Sanz ◽  
Alejandro Cerviño ◽  
Antonio Queiros ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Daniela Lopes-Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Corneal Aberrations ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Distortion Parameters

Purpose. Quantifying adaptation to light distortion of subjects undergoing orthokeratology (OK) for myopia during the first month of treatment.Methods. Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (age: 22.34 ± 8.08 years) with mean spherical equivalent refractive error −2.10 ± 0.93D were evaluated at baseline and days 1, 7, 15, and 30 of OK treatment. Light distortion was determined using an experimental prototype. Corneal aberrations were derived from corneal topography for different pupil sizes. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was analyzed for frequencies of 1.50, 2.12, 3.00, 4.24, 6.00, 8.49, 12.00, 16.97, and 24.00 cpd under photopic conditions.Results. Average monocular values of all light distortion parameters measured increased significantly on day 1, returning to baseline after 1 week (P<0.05in all cases). Spherical-like aberration stabilized on day 7 for all pupil diameters, while coma-like for smaller pupils only. CSF was significantly reduced on day 1 for all spatial frequencies except for 1.5 cpd, returning to baseline afterwards. Significant correlation was found between light distortion and contrast sensitivity for middle and high frequencies (P<0.05) after 15 days.Conclusion. Despite consistently increased levels of corneal aberrations, light distortion tends to return to baseline after one week of treatment, suggesting that neural adaptation is capable of overcoming optical quality degradation.

scholarly journals Effects of Simulated Heat Waves on Life History Traits of a Host Feeding Parasitoid

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Yi-Bo Zhang ◽  
An-Pei Yang ◽  
Gui-Fen Zhang ◽  
Wan-Xue Liu ◽  
Fang-Hao Wan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Low Amplitude

The frequency and amplitude of heat waves are predicted to increase under future climate change conditions. We still lack a detailed understanding of how changes in the frequency and amplitude of heat waves are linked to the life history traits and biocontrol efficiency of host-feeding parasitoids. In the present study, we simulated a series of heat waves as a function of amplitude and frequency to investigate the effects on the life history traits of the host-feeding parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati. We found that both the amplitude and frequency of heat waves significantly affected the adult phenotypes. In the low-amplitude heat wave group, the frequency of heat waves did not change the life history traits of the parasitoid; however, when the heat amplitude reached 42 °C, medium (four times/week) and high frequencies (seven times/week) of heat waves detrimentally affected these parameters. Hence, these findings suggest that to obtain optimal biological control with this parasitoid, we need to carefully monitor heat wave pattern (especially the amplitude and frequency) over the short term (usually 7–10 days) before releasing a host-feeding parasitoid.

scholarly journals Blockchain Use Cases Revisited: Micro-Lending Solutions for Retail Banking and Financial Inclusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Christian Hugo Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While blockchain technology is commonly considered potentially disruptive in various regards, there is a lack of understanding where and how blockchain technology is effectively applicable and where it has remarkable practical effects[1]. Against this background, we present and discuss a case study at length on the impact of this technology in the concrete setting of small short-term loans in retail banking. We propose to banks a robust and scalable blockchain technology with proof of stake and limited energy consumption used to streamline their processes, resulting in lower transaction and administration costs. This is made possible by smart contracts. Thereby, we facilitate small scale lending at high frequencies and short-term duration as well as an easier and more efficient way to connect small borrowers and lenders.

scholarly journals Kv3.3 subunits control presynaptic action potential waveform and neurotransmitter release at a central excitatory synapse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Richardson ◽  
Victoria Ciampani ◽  
Mihai Stancu ◽  
Sherylanne Newton ◽  
Joern R. Steinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Delayed Rectifier ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Action Potential Waveform ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Potential Waveform

Kv3 potassium currents mediate rapid repolarization of action potentials (AP), supporting fast spikes and high repetition rates. Of the four Kv3 gene family members, Kv3.1 and Kv3.3 are highly expressed in the auditory brainstem and we exploited this to test for subunit-specific roles at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. Deletion of Kv3.3 (but not Kv3.1) increased presynaptic AP duration and facilitated transmitter release, which in turn enhanced short-term depression during high frequency transmission. The response to sound was delayed in the Kv3.3KO, with higher spontaneous and lower evoked firing, thereby reducing signal-to-noise ratio. Computational modelling showed that the enhanced EPSC and short-term depression in the Kv3.3KO reflected increased vesicle release probability and accelerated activity-dependent vesicle replenishment. We conclude that Kv3.3 is the presynaptic delayed rectifier, enabling short duration, precisely timed APs to maintain transmission at high frequencies and during sustained synaptic activity.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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