Oceanographic, topographic, and sediment interactions in deep water acoustic propagation. Part II. Gulf Stream simulations

1994 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie C. Carman ◽  
Allan R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Acoustic Propagation

Modeled time variability of acoustic propagation through a Gulf Stream meander and eddies

1990 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Mellberg ◽  
Allan R. Robinson ◽  
George Botseas
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Time Variability

A global survey of the impact on acoustic propagation of deep water warm core ocean eddies

1994 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2880-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Browning ◽  
Raymond J. Christian ◽  
Linda S. Petitpas
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Ocean Eddies ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Warm Core ◽  
The Impact

Azimuthal variation of low-frequency acoustic propagation through asymmetric Gulf Stream eddies

1991 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2157-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard E. Mellberg ◽  
Allan R. Robinson ◽  
George Botseas
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Azimuthal Variation

North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Deep Water Acoustic Propagation in the Philippine Sea

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Worcester ◽  
Bruce D. Cornelle ◽  
Matthew A. Dzieciuch ◽  
Walter H. Munk
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Philippine Sea

North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Deep Water Acoustic Propagation in the Philippine Sea

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Worcester ◽  
Bruce D. Cornuelle ◽  
Matthew A. Dzieciuch ◽  
Water H. Munk
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Acoustic Propagation ◽  
Philippine Sea

scholarly journals Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004–2012

Ocean Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Smeed ◽  
G. D. McCarthy ◽  
S. A. Cunningham ◽  
E. Frajka-Williams ◽  
D. Rayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic Deep Water ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Ekman Transport ◽  
Overturning Circulation ◽  
Meridional Overturning ◽  
Southward Flow

Abstract. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. The AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements of the Gulf Stream and satellite derived Ekman transport. The time series has recently been extended to October 2012 and the results show a downward trend since 2004. From April 2008 to March 2012, the AMOC was an average of 2.7 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) weaker than in the first four years of observation (95% confidence that the reduction is 0.3 Sv or more). Ekman transport reduced by about 0.2 Sv and the Gulf Stream by 0.5 Sv but most of the change (2.0 Sv) is due to the mid-ocean geostrophic flow. The change of the mid-ocean geostrophic flow represents a strengthening of the southward flow above the thermocline. The increased southward flow of warm waters is balanced by a decrease in the southward flow of lower North Atlantic deep water below 3000 m. The transport of lower North Atlantic deep water slowed by 7% per year (95% confidence that the rate of slowing is greater than 2.5% per year).

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